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乘风逐影

本人设计和论文做的也差不多了，
那为兄弟姐妹摘要还没搞定的,
可以叫偶翻译下，
只卖艺,,,不收钱,
只要是WL会员,
跟帖子即可,,
翻译的不好还多见谅...

talosii

For the time being, there are two relay protection
simulation methods, logical judgment and setting value
comparison. Logical judgment method has nothing to do with
power system fault calculation. According to the method, it
looks up pertinent protection devices based on the fixed fault
spots and types, and then decides whether to start it in
consideration of corresponding action rules. So the situation
of the protection action can be given quickly. But this method
lacks of reality, and can not check the reliability of the setting
value protection value. If setting comparison method is
employed, the fault calculation is necessary to measure the
electrical value of the protection devices, to compare the value
with the setting value, and the protection trip out if the
criterion rules is tenable. This method can be used for the
setting value simulation check-out for relay protection devices.
The setting comparison method can be applied in many kinds
of operation conditions to simulate system fault and fault
calculation. It can trace the practical performance properly,
test the setting value's reliability, and simulate the action of
relay protection devices [3,4].
The classical setting comparison and simulation method is
the repetitive fault calculation based on simulation timer. Such
as the back-up protection of the transmission line, set the
simulation timer at the initial point 0 and start a period of
action, do fault calculation according to the fault information,
measure electrical variable at the location of the protection
device, compare with the setting value, and trip out according
to action rules. If the fault is cleared, the power flow
calculation is started to examine the over-load and power flow
change. If fault is not cleared, the simulation timer is set at 0.5
seconds, and come into the second zone of relaying protection.
By the primary protection trip-out, the power system
configuration changes, the fault calculation at 0.5 second
should be re-done and protection action simulation. If the fault
is cleared, the power flow calculation is done and the
transmission line over-load is examined. Otherwise, set the
timer at 1.0 second, and continue the calculation until the fault
is cleared or the simulation time is run out.
In the practical relay protection setting calculation, the
rationality needs to check merely. The complex algorithm as
mentioned above is not needed. The fault calculation at 0, if
the protection cannot trip out to clear the fault, the time delayis started. Otherwise, the protection second zone is employed
to clear the fault. The protection action scheme may satisfy the
requirement of most power system. Therefore, the setting
value comparison and simulation method may be employed at
first. The electrical variable at the location of the protection
device at 0 second will be calculated and the protection action
is simulated. If the fault is not cleared, the logical judgment
method is employed. The protection device performance is
simulated with the intelligent searching technology according
to the protection action logic until the fault is cleared. The
fault calculation is needless. The checkout of setting value and
the simulation of protecting action are done. The simulation
report can be finished. [5]The functions of the visual platform are the information
exchange between the system and user, the integration control
of the subsystem and the realization on the information
transfer and the message response. The main electrical circuit
diagrams of the power network are drawn and the electrical
facilities of the power system are shown in form of graphic
components with the graphic operation module. The
components' adding, deleting, copying, magnifying, shrinking,
motion, the setting and amend of their property may be
performed availably. In order to improve the software's
reusability, the module is developed separately with the use
mode of control component integration.
The fault calculation module is the base of exact setting
value calculation and setting value simulation. It may achieve
various kinds of fault calculation in different operation
conditions and output the final results with multiform modes.
The setting value simulation module makes full use of the
results of fault calculation to do the setting value judgment,
simulation and analysis for the protection devices. The
primitive parameters of the network, the calculation results,
setting value parameters of the protection and network
topology parameters are saved in database. The system
management module may complete the inquiring, modifying,
sharing and printing of parameters in database. The system
scheme of the simulation integrated system is shown in figure
[5].

talosii

[s:239]

talosii

The system scheme designed with the object-oriented
technology. The development of the graphical operation
module is based on the denotation of object-oriented
programming. The electrical equipments of the power system
are encapsulated to the equipment-graphical component class.
The class attribute includes the graphical property and the
achieves the plotting without flicker, and supports graphical
printing, zooming and removing. It is much easier for users,
and heightens users' efficiency. What's more, it is simple and
convenient to set the property with the dialogue-box. The
equivalence impedance and setting value can be shown with
the graphical form by the graphical delaminating technology.
The graphical plotting module provides interface functions of
graphical plotting operation. It is integrated into the visual
platform with control component mode. The visual platform
may design the user interface according to interface provided
by the graphical plotting module and achieve the function of
vector plotting and parameter setting. Considering into the
close relation between operation and graph, in order to make
the setting convenient for user, some windows of the visual
platform are integrated into the main interface windows with
the current window integration technology. The operation is
more intuitionistic.
The fault calculation module reads in the power network
parameters and the control parameters of fault calculation,
completes the fault calculation and outputs the calculation
results. To make the software more reusable, the fault
calculation program is encapsulated into COM component
according to COM model with the COM technology. The
component provides uniform interface which includes
parameter getting, fault calculating and results output
functions. Registering the component, the platform may call
COM component interface function. This method can
encapsulated properly the fault calculation module and
improve the program transplantable. It is the base for setting
value simulation.
The maintenance and management of the database are
processed by the system management module. The dynamical
linkage with the background database is realized through
ADO data interface component. Using the ACCESS Database,
the configuration is simple and reliability, it is convenient for
data sharing and exchange. The power network original
parameters, the fault calculation control parameters and the
setting value simulation parameters are saved in the database.
The power network original parameters include the parameters
of power equipments, for example, generators, transformers,
transmission lines, buses and circuit breakers, the
corresponding equipment parameters of the primary electrical
diagrams. The control parameters of fault calculation include
the system fault information, the node voltages of phase
component and sequence component and branch current of
phase component and sequence component. The setting value
simulation parameters include a table of protection
configuration parameter and setting parameter. A table of
protection configuration parameter consists of the results of
network topology analysis, namely, the backup protection
pairs. The table of protection setting parameter involves the
protection device types and the relevant setting values. For the
convenient data checkout and analysis, the data printing
function is developed.
electrical equipment property. The double buffers technology

talosii

In the setting value simulation module, the fault can be
classified into line fault and bus fault. The line fault locality
should be given. There are four system fault types, namely,
three-phase short-circuit fault, line-to-line, single line-to-earth
and two-phase line-to-earth. There are four protection class of
setting simulation: they are phase-to-phase over-current
protection, phase-to-phase distance protection, zero-sequence
over-current protection and ground distance protection.
In the setting value simulation process, when T=Os, the
setting value simulation is started. At first, set the fault locality
and select the fault equipment, type and the simulated
protection class. Then set the reject-action breaker and the
power system operation condition. Pressing the 'simulation'
button, the simulation system begins to work. The likely tripout
breakers will be searched with the intelligent searching
technology.
The intelligent searching method will search the likely tripout
protection device according to the fault type and
protection device configuration combined with the database.
A protection device framework array TMB is set to record all
kinds of information and parameters for the protection device
performance. For the line fault, it will find the breakers
locality at the two terminals of the transmission line in the
database with the transmission line number and add them into
TMB array. If the transmission line breaker refuses to act, it
will find the back-up protection according to power network
topology parameters in the database and add them into TMB
array. For the bus fault, it will find all the breakers which
located on another terminal of the transmission line that
connects with this bus and add their information into TMB
array. When the breaker refuses to trip out, it will find the
back-up protection of the breaker with the network topology
parameters in the database and add them into TMB array.
All breaker information can be saved in TMB array by the
intelligent searching. The bus node number and the branch
line number of the breakers' position are used as node
parameter and line parameter to be measured and output. Put
them in the fault calculation module, start the fault calculation,
get the power network parameters from database, then do the
calculation according to fault setting parameters, and output
the measured voltages and currents of locations where those
breakers are set. After that, find out corresponding setting
value checking formula according to the simulated protection
type, calculate protection devices' measured value, and then
compare it with the value get from the database. If the action
condition is satisfied, the protection trips out. If it clears the
system fault correctly, then put out the simulation report, the
simulation is finished. If it cannot clear the fault completely,
then enter next simulation period of T=0.5s (the time of
second zone). Start logical judgment simulation now, search
breakers likely to act according to power network topology
information, and add them to TMB array. In addition, breakers
which have tripped out are not included. Compare the
measured value with the setting value and time delay in the
database, if criterion is tenable, the system fault will be
cleared. If the fault is not cleared completely, then turn to next
simulation period, do the logical judgment simulation until
simulation time is running out or the fault is cleared.
Otherwise, put out the simulation report, finish the simulation.
The power flow of simulation system is shown in figure 2. 71
Fault Locality Settirig Intelligent
l ~~~Searching fo- ewr
Network]|+Started Tplg
Topolog.y t perflow o t Protection
T Fault Cilculation Setting simu
1) fault escriptio, includig uthetie,posTin, Vandtye
Ou-t-put Electrc|I
o Measuringation cd Protection Relayin.
2) measurd d hLogi c Judgento
po Deviceake Protection Relaying
3Setting Valu e cekJuugdigecment t Protectior
4) protectio trip uiTrp ip Out
eProtectiio
|Tr ip Out Yes mu
; me En~~~im
I = ~~No F -TT+O0.5 <
Output Simulating t riaYes
Report
Fig.2 The power flow of the simulation system
The setting value simulation report summarizes simulation
data. Its contents are as follows:
1) fault description, including the time, position, and type
of the fault, the system operation condition.
2) measured data, the node voltage and line current of each
protection breaker in TMB array.
3) the setting value checkout, output the required formulas,
calculate setting value and time lag, then compare with the
given value.
4) protection trip out criterion, output the protection
breakers, the protection type and the time delay of the relay
protection.
5) simulation report, analyzing the rationality of the
protection setting value, output the simulation reports, at the
same time, feedback alarm signal on the breakers that tripped
out is given with multiform, such as graphs and sounds.
VI. GENERAL PERFOPMANCE
The computer visual technology and database technology
are employed to realize the friendly human being interface and
the function of powerful graph editing. It is convenient to set
or amend the power network parameters. All kinds of
parameters are analyzed and managed by the data
management module. Both the graph and data may be printed
out. The fault calculation and setting value simulation
checkout can be done well. Using the window integration
technology, it is very simple and advantageous for the system
operation. In addition, the software scalability and reusability
are improved by using the advanced COM technology to
encapsulate the program module.
The simulation system is developed as a continuation of the
visual relay protection setting calculation and management
system. It provides with a solution that the selectivity and
sensitivity of the setting value which calculated by setting
calculation and management system cannot be tested by real
4

talosii

[s:239] [s:239]

带电的小布丁

楼主我爱你.

带电的小布丁

乘风兄英语水平是望麓里面最牛叉的了。

dauk

免费翻译，呵呵呵，还是让承凤搞吧

飞翔的鹰

我服了你

贫僧西门庆

摘要
刘因，元代理学三大家之一。他的诗文创作可以称得上是元初北方文士中的翘楚。他的散文承金末文学之余绪，继承吸收了宋代散文平易、流畅、自然的文风。散文理论强调博采众家之长，以为有用之文，并强调“道艺”并重。其散文创作多有创新之处：碑志文工于叙述，文有史法，以小说笔法入散文，注重故事情节和主人公的行为描写；议论文雄辩有力，醇粹明白；以文章记录自己的理学观点，好发议论，不趋古奥；记体文多采用笔记小说与哲理阐释结合的手法，但不同于传统的笔记小说和六朝志怪小说。刘因的散文义理与辞章兼容，这种以理学为精神底蕴的文风，也是元初理学家们大力倡导的文风，为元代“盛世之文”的繁荣提供了理论依据和创作实践，并影响了元代散文的基本走向。

关键词：刘因，散文理论，散文特征

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成风猪是用的翻译软件。。。。。。。。。
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