2003/06/28 
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ҵ1957

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ǵﰲس죬ʣƣԵøĸߣ
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ֻܳĬĬЩ֮ˣǰ
궯꣬ʹԼԿصһ̡
Ĭһ˵Կʹڹؼʱַ̱ǳľٶ
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ĵ˵żÿվڼˮɻ
ȽŶˮʴˣʹ̣һͶегͲѥ
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ܵõ˵Ĵÿ۳ͷǣʲôڵȴ
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ɵ͸ķĶԴɷӾ͸ɺһɣɷǾ
еĻʣԭλȵȣڵʱһǴЩܽ
ɲǵĳһ񾭡ҺתĹũЩͷԱ
ĸɲǣڣ󲿷ǹũĻͣä
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˵ɷӷУʹǶɷűܵ
ⷴСǵĿУɷ׶ķ޷
ģɷӶ֪ʶӣԭǸɲǾȻ
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ҡͷ̾ϢԾĴʾΪġĻһ֤б߹
Ϊͽũʵ϶ɷʵеǹ͸ķһװ취
һ׳ͷֶΡʡ͸ľְȫʡΨһġҪ
ӵͽũѡڼб߹ʩ϶ָʾ
ţǧѵı˱֪ˣԺɴ
ҰǰᣬũΪͽ̵λʱγɡʱǶɵ
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ӵҸûӦȰ衣

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ιܼʧѹָУÿռǣ
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ǲŵũʱڴδܶûϢǱ
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һûϢ޻˵ʵ˫ϢһΣÿϢ
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ڵһϢգڵ˯һȻϴͷϴ·
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ȫ˽ȥͷﻹǻ˺ܶɳ¹ȡñӣͷ
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Ŀɰʯ찮ͷе䣬ԳΣʯ
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"Ǳ˸ˣ"Цˡ˵"ҾϲЦ
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СǸڿˣϴ·λϷ첹ѴĴ
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˵ҲʱΪ˵ЩԹ˿ͷ

죬ǻһţ̣3˷ֺȣʯ찮ţ
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̻ʣԵ㼫ˡ

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ˡ

ʹ׷ڲѣʹ಻ѵģ⾹Լѡ



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Ư߸˵ȥμףᡣͬĹǴ
ոµ䲼Ʒȫӵ˶ˣ񽱺Ͳμݳ
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͹ǲֱ˴ˣͬӦеĽ˻񽱵ĽƷҼǵ
һֽĺ죬ũ˼˾ʮѵáӡ̵
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Ϊȣֻűģׯأΰ壬ģ
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ģ̹ׯص飬ҲұԼ
ĺøɲܵʱһʶǣȻΪҵѻ񽱸е
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ԴΪ֮еٮٮΪٹ⣬ܲ˷
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ĶԴʲôֵԺģڵʱʲ׼ɵ
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⣬ԩɷ˵һֻ
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ʿΰĶַپרҵĹŵˮƽĻ
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һСӣһ˵ʱʮʱ˵ġɲ貶
ɲֻˣ̨ܲҲǾǵŬ
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ڵʱʵ϶׼⣬ǳ
־ʮоҲֻԼС

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СĿǵġɲ貶裬ҲڽͷݳҦ
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еĽ֮ʣҲʹǴΪ㵹˵ʵڵģǳ˶
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ǣ˵ϣʹܹ˵ĸ鿴
һУأԸԻĴԼ
ĸܷ׸Ĺڡ˺ϷҲԱ
ڵĸ飬ϵ΢ЦǼװġ

ǵֶʮǿʮɣ뱸С
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ݳĻ᣿֣С棬ٲȻһּҵͷ
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˵ÿһĹҡҺۺۣ˲ȥȥ˼
ʲôҲ֪Һ;Ժǿȥ̿Σ
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϶ݳϿɣʹԸпοʵ˵ʮ
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ԭλ涼ũְһһѵ
ҸҲŵ֪εݳũ쵼δ
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տʼڲӵָԱʿܣڲӸ
ιľ飬֯˸Ĳ20˵ݳӣͷݳ
ҵͶͬʱ˸ӡС
տѶͬԭǸձĻΣ
Ķͷ˾ࡣСʱȫӷȥĶ
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ķֶȻҲڵĴոΪ
ոߣ˷Ѵһ㲻ʹáΪ˾ϸ򣬿֣
϶˹ոȫأеĶȺҪ1
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Ҳϲˡʱи˶תƵһȥ
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µļӡʱ۵ǿãҺҵ
ʱҲԼв۹δվ
ԲɵӣͶѧϰİȷ
ʵҲĳͨͶԼˣй
Ҫˡλ鳤²߳ոĵ

Ƕĸգûκξѹ
ԵþڶˣͬҲ÷ǳۡ

ݳʱҶɵڵﻺһڽͶ֮
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ͨʰ룬ֻЩ˴ԼŪല̣һԶ
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ϢŪ·ΪŮԣҾʮֲǵסԶ
û࣬ǶûоҲûǷ˼ʰԼסҺ
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˭ϹЩأӺվͬŮ

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Ҿԣб߹ǶأǲҲܳԱ

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ʵ羹ңԶҾʹľͬ
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ʿΰÿӵĳ֣ǵעĿʿΰԸ質
Աһ֧裺ֵòˣȫũس
ʿΰϺˣµԱԭʡѧУĸɲҵ
ǿ1952ִ֧ȳУɷֵĴϺ־Ը
ݡ˵ǸˮԲ
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С˵С˵˵ţ۾޷ڲ֪ţ۾
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ʿΰǸ֮ˣϸ壬᳦࣬ͬţ
֡Ҳŵ֪ʱѹĵľ޴ʹ
ɺȥʹ˷ͬѰĲң
ţ˵˵໰Ҳֻţߡ

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˭Ҳֹܽڸﳪҳһһ飬һһ顣
Ժ޻Ҳܰҳ׸衣Ɐ˭˵
Լľһ£

ǺԴü硶ۻڰ٣
ϤġΪϳϣ̤ʵܸɡ

һСǲڻغãͶϾܱ
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һжӺͶѲô̰壬൱ԣ
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ڶӲҲûʲô˼ҶԼݺ쵼չˣ
ȻǸɷӣ˼룬Ͷ̥ǵġһж
Ҳ۵ǸͶҶͦӭοӦ˸Ͷ
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ٶ棬˲ٿˡȻܳԱСҲɰ
ƱøˣΪˮ࣬ܶ˶ѶӳԵԲĹĵġǵѵ
ĳǷڿߵģų극ʱĿͷſ
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19868£

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λеΰˣԴ˽ۡ»졣˶
ԭѡǰ»ոл񹲺͹´ų
ŷɹŹȥǶãëԸ
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ۣΪλԪѫ˻

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־հˣյʮũҲظĳԸΪϡģÿ
˴˹ϲˡë󶫸ҲҪ˵ٻֻ˵ºͰ
ġоԣ"ȫ˵ǾŸָͷһָͷ
ϵ"Ժʵ֤˭˵Ҫ޶Ե
ڣȻΪĳԼеι
˹ı磬ʵѾֳˡ

˵ʱңũһ֪ԵòһЩҲ
ȥֻӳԹĺ÷ˣЩΡЩ
ũ壬رǼںũѺܶ࣬ʱǴӼе֪
϶ͱ֪Ҫö࣬磬Ұʵ
߱ˡ˱ɣΪʳ˵ʵũ
ǰȱٺȣʱ͸ˡǣɼܽ
ȼˣܶԼκΰˡ

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ŵԭǼڸƻʳôС
ЩӣһЩҳԡùӣһǵһ
γԣϲʳȻǳԵ÷ǳˡũĻ
Ǯ࣬ǼóԵҲףȥԣ
ǳڶϡڹ鳤У鳤һֱرǣ
Ķࡣ

ǰĴйһݳʱ
ȥˣСũȥݳԭϲչСũ
չֳַȥˣѧԭʮũĸ
ûӴоΪ˺ɡ˴ȥݳ϶
⡣ЩԱʵȻ˽ģԲʢ
롣

ʮũɹҲһεݳ

ȥСġݳҪĿü硶ۻ
ԡۻְԱȫȥˣ⻹ЩСĿ

ȺԱԪͬһԪСֺԲ
ˣһֱ˵˵ЦЦ̸Ц䣬Ҳ¶ãң"
ǽô죿ӻأ"ҵʱпɣͱϣ
һʫο

ƭ㣬
ҪҲҪ߿
˳ĵʱ̣
ŰɣֵӾҪ٣

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ãô죬أԸⰲο
ΪСҾԼοҵıУ
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Сʱ˸ߴϷ̨ݳ˴ݳΪ
죬̨¹ڻϲרע飬Ц䵽Ϸ̨ϣ
ҶоˣغáΪݡۻݵ
õһΡ

Ǿر˵ǣСһֻ򣬳Էʱ
ÿǰһ⣬ɡ"֪ζ"ˣÿ
ԿҲԷˡܹôһͣһѧ
İšĸı䣬η޳
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ӸϼҲûʶ˵ݳǰǵ
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Ƿǳж

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ˣǰһ⣬ܶ࣬޷꣬
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Ҳûˡĳ࣬ҲʺڡۻݵĽɫ
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Ѽũ񣬽ǰҹһҹɻ
ùĹ̫࣬˽ܣܱӻ˼¡һũӵΪ
һڷԣܱӻ˼£Ҳûɶ£Ҳɶ
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ʲô⣬ԭλǰعֵ֣λһ㶼
ϸε顣˭뵽ɶ󣬶δµ
⣬ֲɿˣΪʷ͵ũලͶһ
жӣͬһĻмˡҶ֮ߵļ
תʹҲ˲֮ԩ1979ǾʵߣȺ
ֶ񡢹Ҹɲ

ǵжӳԽ㣬ǸתˣԱҴˡ
ĹͶֶȽ⡣һжӹһΣȫе
·Աÿ˵ͶΪĸļ
һͶҲߣļÿµõ40ԪҵĹ
ԭλͬҹԲμҲαֵ
־󾭴ͳһо˸ļζһ
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Щ·ŵͬ־ȷʵãһˣũϤˣصͶ
ɣԺǾҪݵߣĨmañӵľҪĨ
סǵġɣӣǽҪݣǵλ
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ɣ"ңֵֺ㵱һЩҲȽСɶ
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ԴҶֻ֪ҵ֡Ǻ"ɣ"Сע
ԭίԺҵŮǱ㶼"ɣ"ƺ
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Եʺ󣬴žýЩ˳ڣ"ɣ"
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ǵسң"ǵĺɣӣ"ȫжҲֻһ
ҡ"ɣ"Զӳҵרóƺ

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λǻصԭλȥ"˵Щʱȫ
ڸɷժñӻ޶ɷǽ·Σ
йļý飬һüĿԣԿ
У٩٩̸ҲĵĴ£һϴ
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ЩĻб£й岢޷Գ֮
˵ⷬ˼ǣѿڶ־һ


ЩͨһͶĻԴηĸ
ս춷أʵҲʹԶӳܸж˵ЩʱϿҼ
̵̬ĻǰϤЩɣ
ṩ㹻ݣǰʵе벻ͨΪ
ʲôЩȷʵõͬ־ɡίҲ
ĥʱ͵ɵ뵽һͬģ
ͬ˵һʮȷ˵
Щ̵ĻҲе鲻Խ

ԶӳʱһΣҲ˵"˼"˵"
ڣͬ־࣬ǰǸԱյʮʱ
иũӰӰأǰֻһƬ̲һ
ɳʯذܷǽǽӶûУſڻ̲ϣ
мЩ˶޿ˣ"˵Цһ
ЩԱսǿޱӵʮֿЦϾǼǰˣ
ѳΪȥﰵ룺"ԶӳޱûУ"
û˼ʳ

ԶӳЦһ󣬲ŲԺֽ˵"ǽɶǲŽм
ڵɶ࣡"

һͶбҲᵽ"Ͷ
"ͶļʹҪܿⲻܵظ
ϧ߽һ磬Զ㿪޵һС

ʱԶӳǵ괴ҵļ˶
괴ҵߵ𾴡ǵģΪߣǳ˴ູ࣬
ˮġũĹģ;棬ǲӦǿ
ס

ҪһʵģĴҲʮϺЩĻ
ζȽϵͣ϶Ͷ񡣸Ϻϲ
Ե˸

λϲԵĹձˣϲ꣬Ҷ"ë"
ʱʳõԱͬһũĻĸ׺һá
ëƤܰףϸƤģִ׳׳ǴԱͣ
˵Ϻÿ»ɷǴͳƴ޹ˣҵ
ҺСĴʱѾ顣ͬϺеŮ
ȽϣϴëôɰСʮ
ֶ

һжӵļϺ䶼ȽϴһԱҲ
ձˡǹһũġҲҲЩɻ䣬Ӳ̸Ϊʲ
ôһũģϼһЩʲôˣάƵģȵȣ
Щӡޡֻǵõ㡢õʱһ
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ҲøǮֻϹַ֡ƶȣ˻صũҵ
硣λձƢãʱҲһ

ԶӳԼλϺͶʱչˣûøػǴ
ԼҲһͶԡУǲɻũ
ÿÿʮԪѡ

һжʳӣȫСһ죬ԶӳͻȻ˵"Ҳ
һذѹϣҺóԣ"ӳӦҸû˵
ʱڵرߵֹϵľ飬֪Լ˵ĹϣʱǮ
ֻҪժԾУΪʲôͬأ

λӳһ˵ɾ͸ɡѡڶӲ·ߵһ
ֹϣ˵ر߶һѷֹϡһ˵ţ
ӳһСľһǣҺԶӳԿ
ԼǣͳˡõһأҲǶֵ
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ڵرСӿӷŸӾ¡ңȻһж
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ӳǰΪǸŮûƳزƽƳ
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һжЩƵСʣڷǰɹ̫ʱ
ҲҲôСʣʱˣ˵ǣ"
ȥҲһ"

"Ҳһ"

"û⣬ȥɣ"

ԭԭعֵĸɲЩľգĴ
󣬾͵ľСľʣҲЩ߽ϣֻҪˣ
һ㶼Ӧʡҵľſڣľﻹбˣ
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һͯӣͯӣ"ҲһŲҲͣ
ſڡ춯ʵ"˭"Ӧֻýȥ
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Ϊ̸۵й"ͯ"£޷廰ҲЩ
Ц˵껰˳ںЦ־ЩҶ
һˣڰڣӺǶ˼ӣ˼Ů"ͯ
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ɻҪһ˻ɢʹ࣬ԭ˭Ҳû뵽
ġһֶʮɷӸϵ̢
ϵĳشӦΪ˺ѷΡΪϵĳ
ҵҵÿһͷϵʱȻһʱҲܲס
µţϰԵسľʣҲ𽥵
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õƳ¡

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ӺķҲΪԸ̹ЩӺǼ
Ҳ˵ܸ͵ļį̹ʵ˵
ҪЩӺ
ܸɵúܣÿҹ٣ӶŮУ棬
߿ԣӵĿˡѰݶõĻ顭

õΪСʡ

˵ҺС쵽ĴӺ󣬸һжӵͳƣ
һסжӲ汾жӹͬһǰͬסһݣ
Ϧദ˺ܴͬƽʱ֮١ǣ
Χֶһѡҵ֧ڱ½С
ѣЩҲҵʶɽǫˣǶ
жӵģȻͶЩһжѿʡάǡ¡ȣ
ΪסжӶӲʱҲǶһ졣⣬
򸾡Ƚ⣬ԭʡԭϹ˾۵
¶ǹ˾Ӫҵĳɡ195822գΪ
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жֲС޻ж߲˶ӣҲֹϡС
ϵʱ·жӵĹϵأһ·Ŀ
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꣬СԵĹϿɱڳԵĶˡ

һжӲֹϣֵĵϵҲϣԣҳԹϾͱС
ˡҺͶλӳֵĹϣʱû˿أ·˳Ե
һʣһд

ʱڣھȪб߹ũֿʼ˴ģż̡
̴𣬾б߹죬20
ˮԧءżԼ4ףԼ3׶࣬߳״ÿ6
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ֻˮֿɡɻеģܸܸ
ַֻż·ȥʾڣ۷óԡ



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Ĵؿ㣬Ľ뻮һ罫Ҫ
ס֮ʱĵĴɵģѲǿĺͷӹ
ƮɵԽγ¡ڴǡɫ
عֱԶƮɢȥ龰Զ·
˵һλáҺԸһУⲻ׽λ
ɫḧƽͷʹ

ũһ꣬Ҿ˵ģǰδģѵ
ʹұһˣҲʹҳ졣ʱй֪ʶӷ
ܼ尾ģాȵĿҳ̶ȣ󲿷ֶʮũ
ǡֱʮ֮Ҳ֪ʱǱµ
̫ˡ

ȥʱӻμݡǰһ죬ȵ
ⷿÿȡһѵĳͷоˣһѳͷ
ȥʹģҳзͷװľѵĲĽǶ
ǡô˳֡ҶԴ˺֪λСӴ
зɵĳͷʱù˵Ľ̻壺"
£"ƽʱһѷɵǻʡ
Ҳ֪ߣÿչʱҲѧ˵õ
ʯƬ֦մϷõøɸɾң
ļŮӵ￸صǶ

ݱƽҪˣʼʱΪֲ˳һ
첲۵òˡ˼Ժ˦ͷ磬첲ҲͲ
ôˡǣ벻ֳˡũΧĲݴ
һӣͷ󣬶˺סǳʱӱȺӶ
޼ɵϮڻӺͶˣÿһ˵ͷ첲ֱֺͽű
ϮĿ꣬ӽοƤʱдʹ
עĿʹӵĶѹѪɫ
Ѹȥһƣ±һСѪԼѪȾ
ѪɥڴԾɿٶʱ
ǳǶҪģӲӰصĽȣͺܿˡ

Ӷҧǵ1955ˮũɷʱӶ࣬
ƤرУһҧһڣܿ
һۺɫĴ񣬾һ֡иũҽԼΪ
ߣһùסһµǣˮ
ׯɷʱҹﳣЫڷǽУʱڴϣ
ʹҵսľʱҺһλҵũҵѧУͬһң
Խգÿ챼æͷƹڷۣһһ
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﹤ϸɣ벻λϹĹͬһң
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Ϩ˵ơǽв֪ʲôе
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ܡ

һʱһʱӳʱӵϮӶҧ
ĵطһĴ񣬸첲ϵĴһƬ
ۣǳܡҲ벻仹ȿ
ΧĪκΡ

ЩͬɴëΧڲӺϵֵӵĶҧҰ
ڽס췭Ҳһֵֵĵֵֶ
ÿչƣ׻ָӶҧۻ
ܾķҡڲãҺС챻ã
Ŷ˱ӶҧĿδ

ĴӺδμӹݡĴһжΪƾ
ݲɶãմ̣Ӳݺ١
ũ»Ҫ

ˢˢֱͦˣ͵˲ʱ֮
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ոǰһνˮҶԼûɹĻЩ棬
齽ˮʱһݲ£ˮܻԷȥ
ˮǿҹɣʱҲܽšʳ˴İɣ
ȥȻҲһݡ

ҵǽˮĵͷֻˮͰĵعΧ
һȥһѵعһСڣһ
ࡣѸңˮ컺ȥʱҪѲӣ
ǷˮתֱȥΣУ˵п
ˮתĵطµ£ѿסµʱ
ôԱΧȹŵʮɣҲһǡѵ
ԸұڵرѲţˮתֱµĵطѧѵ
͵¡󲿷ʱ䣬ҶһѲӣ߸ɻ
졣Ľһ˵ǲʱ
ˣ䲻ȣʱ΢ǵ˼άǰ
ۣǣһ޹ǣһõ԰黭
ȻǾþѹֵľվԻȻʣǶԲ֪
δڼʹ޷Ϸһûһ
ģҲĵòôġ

ǰһԽԶˮˮҪ
ҪߵˮӶסɴˮӴ
ǲǵĺٶµˮϣܶס
Ҫ;Ȼһ˾͸ˣҶ֡

̫׹δ׹֮ʱϼ͵һƬ
ˮﷺ˽⣬涵Ҷڱŵˮ
ޱŵͼ⻭УҲഺ
껪

ҳ˶ĻȴôҲ˲


ƻ裬ĺ䣬䵽ðˣ
͵ĹڽȥֻˮڲסصԹ
ߡˮũĸﶼһ
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ң֪ũӵеǺεȵĿɹ󣬶ҲǾԵ
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ԺҲֻ׸㷢ǹ¶į飬Ǽ
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Ա֯ȻҪɷӵɷϻ
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ڹҲûˣͰĵȴɣżҲûá
żԲˣ϶в١ǹغÿ
ǰ˵Ĵ£쵼Ҫ"Ҫ"ı־ֻ
"ժñ"ܴ"׼"½УӶ
"ͬ־"һֽ¿ʼģǶô˻¶
ÿ˵ǰϾһ⣬˭ֻԴ޶ԣ

1959Ĺ١һ죬ҵǶԼе飬
ȴףʢժñľ˭Ҳû뵽ժñ
ȫֻˣһжӵжӵһˣǡ
ԭعֵĸɲͶϱȽ̤ʵڰμ
Ϊ"ժñ"ˣܳ⡣ʱҵǶ
ڽ϶̵ʱȡժñ뷨ԱȽϽʶԴҲ
ۡȫжʮɷֻһ"ժñ"ƺֻ
Ե壬˷ܵˮ

ڵӣ˴Ҳֻժñһǳ
УũãӵʳԱǴԾ
ʳûʱڣǴǰ˺ڿҿң취
ӵʳðɫʳΪĹۣĿõġ
ʳóԷǧϣʳúãΪȫ"ʳ
"ժñӣе¡Դ˷Ӧƽ
ԼɷӵñӴδδԼԭ
Ա5Ѯ͵ʮũ󲻾ãԭλ쵼д
飬ֿ϶ɣ˵ԼһֱɵĹԱ
δͬйġũԼĹĽһɺø
ͻɼʶڽһսһ
Ŀ顣ȻƾŹԱĺ飬ԹԼӦ
еķסժɷӵñӣȻ֮ﲻ˵ʲô
澳һתãԼëϯ͵Ļû
ҪԹԱᶨĲѸ·ߵסһ˼
ּ˼ͬͬգȴõ±ˣ
ϸʮũӿũ쵼丸
ϸչˣũ쵼ʶס
µأշ̳۳磬ɶȶôĹ
ѽʱҺ˼ֻй棬δ̸ֻ˵ԭ
Ҵĳ乫˾ĸɲ˼ϣ쵼ժ
ɷӵñʱֱԲشɧ"ұͲɷ
ӣժʲôñӣ"֮õ"ժñ"֮Ա
ĸɷӴͳԼǷ
ӣʱժɷñӵˣʮɷ
ëǣֻҵķݶ˭Ұܹ˼
ϸ˵ĵ滰ҲֻΪͬԩǰ
ũɹˣû˭ô˵滰ʹ죬
ʹ˵˳

ʱֻ"ժñ"ָʾ"ժñ"ӦĶԴ繤ʵ
ʵֱӵĹغͥӦθϣ޾
ʩԣֱ19601뿪ʮũժñӵ
ʻǰ30Ԫÿ
κθı䡣һҲûʲô仯һʹһͶ

ոũ»Ҫô󳵰áũ
һգʹԲ򳤵Ĵһһһ
鶫ߵĳϾн20ͬͶһһ
ĵײʱһһռȶ״ںþУڵ
һĸ߶ʱվָӣóľ辰͵
Ҫĵط˽סźáʱվм"
ʽ"Ҫȷֹб̮Ҫýȥˮ
ˮҪ˳˳ֹ൱ԣʱ
Ҫӣܹʤ졣Ժ̯볡ﳡọ̈̄
Ҷμǰʱ˵ﳡļԺǿũ
ﳡƵľûľǣȫﳡ
ѧҵҲﳡδ뻹õսܵһ"ҷ
ͳﳡƺÿúܣ"սܴͶ˷"ÿ"
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һﳡһ"ԭͶŵԼÿúܣ
ôͷ˱ûпģҪ˵"ϲս̹ܵ
ȳϡ
ȫӵһתɳʱժ
˵ɳ档ժɳΪռɳӣΪֲɳ׼
ϰŵ񡣸ֻȼһ㣬˵˵ЦЦң
ڡԴɬζɳ棬мָһʳɳԵ
ǣҲٿԽռɳ棬ȡ
Ͻɣɳ࣬﷿ŵļвɣһ
ζʮֿɿڡƽһγɳɡ

βҼʮʻģڲժɳָ
ϹŻƳγεɳ棬ﲻͣسŻ˵ĸԲɳ档
ʱɳζرһ֦˻ĵػƷȽ
̼׺ɳ֦⡣

ڱ֮ǰҵ֪ھȪб߹ũվ
һﱻп¡һй1959
3£վ֯ȥȪǸͷɹɵĲݷԸ
ʱ糿5ʱ컹ûȫվüŹȿСװ
ϡҳԺȡ̫ϡ˲ã
˰취ڵڸСӣë÷ϡë
ϣˮˣС׺͹ȿëϡ˹Сȡ
ĵطٶëϣ˳Сס
֮󣬾˳ûˮֵСףԽﻹáܿ
̸ܽɲ֣ͽ˼Ĺץסˣڵϵ
̴Ѳһ˳Сסʱݷӵͽ̷δ
һ䷿ӵķʾڡ6Сʱ󣬵
Ӷˣ˵˵ϣͷ­˺ɫ򱻵ͻ


ڶ·ڶ졣иѣ򼢶Ӳ˽͵һϷ
ϡݺ͵󣬱վĳ֣
"͵ﴢĲ˾ͽ͵ˡ"˵
"Ҿ͵һϡû͵"˵"㻹
Ӳ͵վϵĲ˽ѻнѵĲ"±ߵĹ
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ӽһշӡȻﳤȥ˳ڶ죬վϵ
̸ܽɲҲ͵˵˺⣬Ӧųˡ
30϶ȵϺһҹ֮ѽ˱ﻹ
ų

˷ָĲпУڷյſӳ
Űװ׵Ĵͷĸɲ̾ѣΪ"
"ʱ򣬵εɳɵزժسŻƳ
εɳʱҲ벻ͽ̵գȻ
ְѼ˲пֶ֮ص¼̫
ˣ̫ǵˣ""˵¼ȷв
ҵϿ滷̫̫ˡ

иԭʡԺɲ棬ʮ꣬ũصͶ
ʳе಻ԣǰ;˸˳˳
ľ䣺"ɽñ˼ѩͽԱ˯ѵ
ʱˣ˭˭Ҳ֪"²֪˭ܺɳ㱨Ҵ
ίԺ涨ΪзԴ9д
̣վ͵ǹСһ"ɱһӰ"ıУʹÿѵս
ľ˼㣬Ǿܵ˼ĿѰҵ
ĿѱԩɱŭȼգȴҲֳֻܱĬǸ
ǿˣ˵ľʹҲֻܽĵס
***********************************************








***********************************************
ҵ1957

ͷ

ʮһ¡1959ĩıǨ


"ʮһ"ʮũ"ժñ"ľٴ룬˵Ǹ
˸βֻ͡һ⣬һ̫ٶ
Եʮ΢ҲǸպϳصĴĻƿһǡҵǽ
עһ͸޵ĹʱԤ
޵ĹЩߴٸһĪ
㯣ĥһǵĹʹټչЩ
ֻǰ⼸ηƵ벻׽ʹ
ҵľҲܲȻȻشӻȥⲻѡժñ
ӻǸʲôǻôһװľñ˵
һޣȻҲȥ챨ֽд壬ũ
С·ȥѰòɷöũСԺЦʵŮŮ
˵ЦһңԶңԶˣԶʧ
˵"ڸв֪"Ůߵݲũɷã
ͬʱҲлݷĻڸʡίǡ
͸ʡԼݵг֮ʱҾһжƽ
ֻҵĹһжΪ˹ڹϱֳɫͻ
ΪˣҲΪũ񱨵Ĵιۣõë
󶫡桢ܶ¡ơСƽ쵼˵ĽӼ
ǽ׼ˣνɷӣȥһжѳΪ
֡ǵڱ練Ҷڵһ죬Һͬ"
"ԱţһͶţ޸п̾˵"˭뵽
ܳΪ"˵ȫǰڡ󹫱ָյ
ʯΪΪ"Сæ"Ͼ"С"
ڼ䣬йȨ߲΢ʣ˻ʵĽ
ǳΪȥˣһеŬΪ
ժñӣصǻʲôǰǰ
ʵƣʹ޷ԼĴʽĻ롣

ڹ󲻾ãĴ쵼ǵũҪǨȥ
ҪʮũǨԭĹũ
ԭĹũҲǨء͸ϵͳǸ
ﷸũδ󻻳ҪΪ˹ȫҪʱй
˽͵ȫ籣ܡ30й񱻸֪Ȫ
ĵ￪ʼ裬һΪطר·Ҳ
ڴʱʼ衣˽͵صĽ߻ܣ
ھȪ͸ũѺŵǧˣͱǨ˳ȥΪ
˱ܣ쵼ϾͶȻȡʩļũһδ


ģءͬʮũ൱;
ͬʮũԻʮũȫɲˡϺ
ԱũߡʳƲȫɱũ֯
͵ԭڵءѺˡɫ˵ȼũĸ
ũ߼ũ͡

ڷɶ֮"׼󻯵ĴϺʵϽ
һ"ԡйʮ꡷367ҳµͳ
һʮũɷӣȫǨĹũڵأԭ
ĹũΪ·ŸɲͶũ˴ηҲǨأǨ
ԭǸﷸͷźҵũģ
ǨĹũȨΪҵȹõҵԱũ
ʲǵ˾ͱ˰š

ʮũ쵼ӵǨָʾʱľΰú
Щˡյʱ쵼ͳһ𣬷ɷһǨĹ
ũͬͷ˵ǰﷸõһũǣʱʮũ
ʡϼȸؽɵɷӼ˸ñӵԱԭ
Ǹɲ൱һѸݱ˵ר䵽ӵ
ӦĹѳΪũɻȱĸɲ˲ţ糡Ĳƣҵ
йľзʿΰԭʡѧУʦ¬ǣԭ
ʡ͸ľֻƣԭĳְԱ֥󣬻ά
80˸ʡũѹҵ˾ܾ
ձΪĸ￪ŵķͻЩ˰
վ鰲ĹũƵĴ͵õ
һ˵ҵǶѳΪϵҪ
ЩҵȵĹԭλʮũֻ޳ʹ
ͶΪũṩƸ˵Щ˸ÿ˲ͬľ
ҲŸԲͬáʱЩתֽ
͸ϵͳũʮũ쵼ĲʣҲĲ̡ʱǶ
͸ϵͳũ֪Ǩȥûкӹ
Ǩļ10Ѯ´Ľȴٳٵ


ǨЩ֮е˼Ҳ˾۷
ҶԹֻԵժñӣ˸
һȻɣж뷨Щ˵"ִ
أתȥժñشϣЩ
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˵ɷӻǿġ1959Ĺʮ
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ɲִֻеķݶ˭ܴۿۣ˭ܷſժñĳ߶ȣ

ֹЩӣ͸ķںǹʵսʿѺ£
ҵҰЩ͸ķһݿµģ˳Ծʱ
Ȼ˵ſĻ"˼ÿµĶʮ߰˽ǻ
"ＴɻҲ˵ʲôˡΪǶ"
ڳ"³ҪȥǸũе
飬ǻǲҪæ˵ã⵽ǱֳΪѱԼ
鷳

⵱ũһθðաԶӳ֪ȵ
Ӳҵѵҽĳ٣Ӳҵ£
һùأЩҩƬʱˣҺҩƬ˯
緹һҲԣûԡϣԶӳҵú
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ɫ̺һҵıϣȻϨú͵ƣסţ
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ϲеҵ龰ڶ죬ˣҵĲ漣ƵĿˡ

һжӵһȥŵģǵһӵġһ죬ˬ
ʣڻһ£·жӲʱ
Ǹ߰óıӴʱֻڿһȦ
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ѵأе˴ʱذѱҶĶ
ϣԵĳͷᡣڻİĶǳ
ɫģʮֺÿǱҶҲĶϣ
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ѡ

ڣȫжӵ˷ڷԳˣЩȥ˰Ĺũ
Щȥšȥŵͬ͸ķжԵ˵
иӽлƻӪӣʮũǨź󣬱Ϊ
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ҳΪһжԱ֮һ

ԡλӳȥŵǰһ죬λӳ˼
ľȻ󣬰жӲͬ츣һ𣬰˴Ӳͷ
һŵһͬԭסķӽṹ
һиĿҺСסϡСס
һѡ·عͤɽˣԭǸ̨ʾֵĸɲ
ɷӣ֪ʲôⱻ͵ʮũġũ
Ϊ޿ҲũͶһиСŮ
ȫ˱ס䡣ʱȫӵҪԱȥź
ĹũƲҲߡҺСΪԱҪ
ԭƽĴӵʳ

ԭũǨ˫Уʶʳ˼
󣬰ѸԳʳ͵ƽԷʡһú
ҺС£ǰĴӿʳðһӳӳƹ
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ǾͬԱ˽Ҳɳ
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ɶɶã"ǣﷸӣǺƵġ
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Ϊ͵С󡣼͸ģѽ̻ͬʳ򽻵ʱѧ
͵ʳǿҵʶʹǲòɡڱʳ
ӵĹУǿ϶͵˲С

ǵֻǼÿιĿȻеúܡλ
40ﷸǣλϺˣΪռŮ
е̣ͬ˵"ҲԲ̣˵ŮʵҲ
ǴˡСѧʦѧúãѧУ˵Ʒѧţϲ
ԼŮѧ¡ؼУУŲ
ԭԲ̵ģ̡"λϺԽĻ
ʼû˵һ֡

Ǹ䲻һС󵹽֮ⷿʣ
Ūÿ˶ͷ棬˺༫ˣ
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1961꣬ʿܸ±ϼ;ݣҺŲ
ʱ˵Ǩǰũְϼ˲30
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ũƤĳˣһݹᾣвɫʹʶ
صļڱƽΪũĶӣʮũΪ
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ӵܴ̣ͳһʶ1959ǰ´ָʾ
صĶӰ൱СҪϱ⣬ܽѲĴһ
ж˵ڼӽѲ˼ʮСӾһ
жӶһ鸽ǨУ󿨳ҹ俪
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ﷸǵ֮ǰԭᶼ˸ĽʹΪ
ʵĺӣԭĴӶ˸2ҵڵ϶Ҳ
˸Ľʹÿܹظﷸÿ磬ﷸŶȥũ
ɻɺǹʵľѺ⡣Ҳ벻Լ
ߵؿﷸȥϹ

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ʱĴӵļְȺ󶼸Ľ˺ӡһ
ӺȺ̧5ʬʬߵıӣ
ʬµĲλһȦһڽԺ
4̲Ŀյȥ뿪Ĵʱ̲
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30ŶЩҿɲ¡

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󿨳СõסһޣȻʮ·ֱ
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СէȻоԡ

ǶʱڣǱ֪Ϣ˵

ڶ죬óĴʱͲüõֹơһ
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ĹũʾǸ⡣

˭֪󣬶ŲǡС졢ңˣͻȻ֪ͨ
ȥĹũ׼

ֻʱ޷֪ȥΡǨũϺ
ˮʳˮƽ½ȵȣʹҶԴ˴Ҳ

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ݳȥĻϾûУ׷ᣬƻ
ũֻ÷ˣѵƻũ֮Ĺũ˭Ҳ
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˴ٷֻͬ˲10ˣ󿨳װҪ
Ĺũ߰ϡϡڰ͹ƽĸ
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跨ŪĹũĸվվվȫ͸ĺҵ
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ʽһˣһڵصԵ÷ǳ
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ΪժȥͷϳصñӶΣΪԸšʵ˵
ҹֽĿӣͷǱȴϵĿ
޵ıǲſʼпʵؾһֲժ
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ŷ߳ʳûȻذһʱ䣬
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ķ϶һؼϣһڿľ
зѾŲŲ߻ᡣ

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Űеı񹤵ƿڴʫ
ںḻˡЩԩڿа
ǣķ籩Ȳƿڴֲ
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Ҳ˵η籩ȫũֲõС
վֲһΡһվԺͰεڿն
Ӱ١ԭʮũӵͳƸپĹũһվ
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ѣҵȴһдҵͳơվͳǸҵ"
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Ϊվؽв滮ʲôġԴ˵ȻΣʱΪ
˱ʾĽ׼Ҳવ˵й10ͽ̵͸ķ
ˣɻ󣬵ˣ񡣾ҵ
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˵پһվͳƺʱҲ˳ⳡ籩У
40ȥｽˮһտҰɳ
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ССָֻǸªݣյķ籩мҪε
ڱ绢ǰĺвš

ϵˮָӲԸ籩ѻ˶ľ飬籩
绰֪ͨιرբţԴδˮ˷ѡ

پǴԱˮģָס
̸ǣ˼ۣ׼ڳסָڷ籩Ϯ
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ѡֱ°նʵڶòˣСЩС
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ЩˮҨȣŴﴵɳǸڿˮϣһɲ
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ɢ˵ǲ½½صһվһɢʧû
˳˻ؼҿڰѡںųİҵ
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飬ǵһȫء

ҺŮǵӻƽʳû
棬ˮ࣬ǵʳֵͣԳøڿ顣

һ磬ŶӴʱиɲȡ
̨ϣԱΪʢڴ̨ϵΪ
"ְ"ĶиֻжʮһС⵽˴
Ա߳ڴ˷ߵ·ϣСЩԳߵض˵
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أ"ȻǼԽرܿ"ǶӶ"
Ǹ˭Ҫ˵"Ӷ"ǶԵʳ߲Ƿ
С͸ũܺ˽߲ʱԶý
鷳СԸͬҴͬ
ƵС³Ͷʱ̸ͬԭСǸ
Уҵҵںһɳá1957"
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˭֪ɶʱСΪ۽У
͡С˸ղμӹãֻʮ߰꣬ļƣŵ
ЩﲻǶ˻ļܣһ֮
˸ǰŵңһֽͽ鰸Ȼ
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ڻ޳Եųʵ˵һֱӶԴӱ̵
͸ũΪ"ְ"ɡ
ҲҪҵһܳԱĺȥƾĳգ
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Ϊ˵һȫɥʧڴ̨ϵɶ
ȴҪܵԱ߳Լܻ졣Ǹңʱ
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Щ죬ͬ"ְ"һ볡ԶҽԺ
ſڿ˸ᣬɳĳɲҽԺһҽҽ
ǰҲԼжʮ˾꣬ڵҽĹϵƽ
Ÿɾ룬ҽӡ˷ʲôδ
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ԣ""ץߺ󣬽ƵƳ
رǿ"Ӧи߶ȵģ"ҪָҪ
С͵С͵ũĶƽͣ˵ͷͷǵм
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죬Ҫ־ǶԵʳ߲һл͵͵
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һţ˵Ҫһ㡣ҾͿذ"߶
"ĻдҲ˵һ飬˵Ӧ"ϸҪ
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İҪ"߶ȵ"ѩ˪׷ڲѣ
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Ĺҵ˼һɵĹ

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ڡеڵг棬ڰҹͬһԺг
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䵱ũҽɿԣܻؼıְҵ
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ɫ𽥰νڳߣֵ˽ˮʱˡһû磬һ
վȴˮ¹ʣĴˮ򰶱Ĵ
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ǹ̽ڽǰݴһ

УԭνԱʮũ쵼ǶЩ
ԭۿһ֧ǵ󡣴Ծ
ʱ1ǣڳׯũΨһС
¯ҲǡԭǾ٣ҲһЩ
߸ӣʱ򡣵ɷӺȻʮߡʮũ
ʱʱҲͬ챣ϵһ𣬵ǵһ
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ҲȻо룬ΪԼһӪˡ
ʯ찮Ҳ֪֮ԽĺøֻڼŮǰ¶Ҳ
ֹˡʵҲĴǣԼɣҸɵѣ
ϲԼָԼĨ

Ĺũѵ˶֮ꡣ18ǰǸʮ
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սϽźڳսͬƴɱ
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ڶ죬ӳͷˣˮûסˮǱƿڴ
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ſݣгһ;ͷǵ
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Ϲܶӣ¹ŶӣԷܺʹһԣҲҪ
ӣϲܻؼңסķŴС㣬ӵطŸ
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λͬҲҪѵġĹũǿ
Աŭذǹ̽׺ݵش޹߽زֻ
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һΣӢӶվתƻ˵ǣ"վɰָͷֵ
cuָһֳׯڵĺ棩Ҳץųԣվ
ϰĲӸûˡЩզ治զ죿"
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Ӱǵĸ飬Ҽͬ飬ڷͥϾ˵ġ"
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10죬ʱͥо´ˣзͬͬ⣬
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ԲС衣Сջȥ˲ľǷ
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ͬ鰸ũҲԴ

СΪ԰շ˲ţʮũǨʱδĹũ
Żƻũ˳ضɹ˴˵ѹء

ʮũժñӵԣԭԱʡɲ
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תɫСӳŭȼգԼ岻Щ
һߣʷջ鹫Ĳþ1954뵳ĹԱ
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ʮũĴһжӵѷ壬ʱӢ
ȫҲĹũĹũڼ䣬һսΪ
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1957꿪صϼңִĸţΪϳԣ޷
ز֣ǶŶӣҲɲɻȺڼ
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ȻҪμӵģΪĸɲǶÿһ
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һ磬ҺС챻ָɵվһμաҺС
վȥʱոҵǣһ
ʮ󲿷ֶʶԭĴһжӵĹάǡҶƵˡ
ԴҺСվ󣬴Ѷղż֮
ʹǶܸˣĸɲ棬˭Цӭ
أݲͬʹǶЩɲĸȻͬǶɢ
ػ׻ڵЦǺǵͬкҲͬȵ˵
˼仰ûжվĸɲԵúڣʱ
еνӡգͬʮũĴѴһ
ȥʱֻҪ˵ͷҲصػ͸ܿ
Ӻ꣬һƵĵֱǰ˭رߣҲ
ļ졣

ҺСͬ˵˼仰Ҳֱָһ
ضȥũǵͷˣܵһո
Ҳͷһ⡣ǳڱԼ֮иȽϵ˼
ǲûвոǴһصͷɸģ
ոΣõ˹õһ֣Լ߰˴
һֱεƬѵƬһɵľϣľܵ
ѶͿոˡƬشľȡ£Ҫĥʱʹ
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СʯСʯĥҲܰĥ÷һЩ

ǽһ󣬾͸еһ𣬰²ų
ȥӲ£Ž׽һ£ͦ㡣Сʱ
ÿཻ֮ʣݵСʳ̯ϳ̵
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̵ġģҶ
ʱһ¡ӣֱһζͷС˵
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ڼ䷹ʳиƣвʮͻҪƷ
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һֽ̽ǵҰݣ״ƶԵ̽ѽ࣬
ʮũʱϵõһҰݡ̽ϸϸģԼ糤ժ
̽ǣݷһۣ̽ССĹʵ飬
ɫˮ֭Щζأζʤһ
޼ʵʱ΢ӹ˹ո
ǹͷص˻ӣǵ鷳ʱ
ͬȻΪһ壬һһ̽ǣƷ
Զصζڳ칫ҡӻڶˣʶ
˵Ҳһַɣһѵõķɡ

ȻϾʱԣԼ20ӺִӸԵĵ
λոȥĴӵոػ
ոûѰذҶһҲûĸΪ
ϧһѡǿʤΪҲǱԼĺûᣬ
ƴʹ̵"ɾ"ʾԼ""ľ
ͬʱҲԼĿڵʱѳΪ޿ɸı
Ϊ׼

ֻ˵һҽϾĶֻСһˣ
Ϊֽ޿ɺǡӲƴҲҪɾ
ϾйΣ¡1959꿪ڴ࣬
Ƕ˵ǿػǰѶһڵﲻܴ
ķѣһǲһǾȵڵʹ
ȣзϡڷѲܴ󣬲ʱҪһ
ʱҪתչ￪۰򡣵ѽСʱͣ
תչ￪۰ķиı䣬Իܴ
ǿػػҾȻں͹˳Ű೤Ͼ
ʱվڵͷұ˾ӲһǷʱͶ
죬ڳ˺Ű೤ļơŰ೤Ǹ׳ǵ
֮ͷ趯ǣӺĽŲ
һһѣʹǵֱǰĿֱ꣬ǰҸе
֧ɤ۸ɵðǻۣǱ˾ģҺ
ͬŰ೤ĽϾУһԼ־ƴки
ڣ˴ľͷССͬŰ೤ͬʱ
һѷࡣͷ󺹵ЦЦ˵ؽ˽ĵ
ʵֻԼΪԼ澳֤Լȹȥǿ
౶ֻһĸ߲Żˡڣ˷
ʮ㣬ΪԸʵԲСܸϵġ

Ҳ˺βڻһСӶҲ۾Ƭ
˺ˮںˮҰģһ趯
ոȥյľ飬ոѹ淶
סһӳɰԲΣסŰ
Ȼ˳ŵƤþһ˳˳ر
ҪƷųһѣȸһƬٰ֮
ʮũʱӵĲҪӣܸܸǰ
š͵ģʱѲҪ͵ʱֻҪһҪӣ
ξСҪֹ̫ܸܸҪӱȽϳ԰
úܴ󣬵̫ˣ˵ʱ
ľ达ٸ߲סˣӳҪСӾ
šɵҪӣššʱҪӵӽһ
šһ´ɽᣬҪƽڵϣҪͬһ򣬷
һӣٰѷֿӸš°⵹С
ӵԼԼʮũͬӷֹ
ȷɸģࡣҺСʮũĴѧ˸
ѧ󣬾ÿ죬úáոĹ淶͸
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룬ֱ˻еֻ趯ˡ档Ǳ"ţ
"ϲ"ţ"֪ȷȷʵʵˣһڼ
Ͷ""ԼϣԼıһµҡȷţµ
ҽһӼǿĸߡ

ȻҺС춼ǻеһСʱǾ͵Сһ
󣬽ժЩ̽ǻζǶе졣С
֮ҷСոĵؿ飬ոĵؿСС쵱
ȻҲٺСոʱͰĵؿͬҸһ
ƬҿϾĨƽˡȻʲôҲ˵
͸ҵƢС찡

չسʱվûӰ

ǲμգôһ졣˵ҺС칲
ĶأҲǸ߼¼

ʱȣӻɸɡҺС춼˸ɾƯĳ
ǵҴ1956ͬѧݴӱһɴĶ
ɴ£ʽ£ʽǳɫ黨ı߶
ֱǰͬǳ黨ߣڵı߳"V
"ΣҲǳ黨ߡǸͨƷƳ
ĳ£Ӧ˵ǽĶˡȥպеĴ
ʹ£ͼλһ˼ƬǺǫ
ṩ

һ죬ƵҪϵ칫ϼ
ıԴҰƼ౨һЩǰ
ռȶıøдֽдݡĿúдΪ
ۣҶ÷ддϱĿ֡ƴˣ
ȥڲƾͼԺΪ»˵Ҿ˵Ƚ
㣬ײǰڵɭϣĹ۸С콻̸˭֪С
ҵĽܺ˵"Ų֪أƲŲ˵
һΣɳҪҺͳĸɲȥݣҺưųݣ
Сĳһ磬̱˵һ١ʮ
ũҲݣ˭Ϊһúˣû"С
һϯָıҶƵĿڣ칫ֻҺ
ˣİ칫棬ķԸı
ӣдŤŤҲʹ뵽
žıʼһСѧ̶ȵˡҲдıͽ
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ʲôٶŮߵݣɺйã
5Ĺʿֹܱʲ٣Щһ塣걨
ҹ󣬾ʹҴһᡣ

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ҪΪ"ɳ"²֪ΪʲôһʼҾͳΪ
ҵͬҵĹûɶϵµȥһ
Σÿȥ칫ֻһˣӳóǣݸҡ
Ҳ˼ãظ˵"ϣϣȥԡ"س
̵ѵûǮҲ޷ǣ²֪
ǣҼ飬ִҪȥԣʹҾЩ
⣬ȴֲòЩ롣ҲԷɶпر
ǿɰŮԣԶˣ䵽ũͶ죬ʹ
ͬϧԸԼ跨ֵҼ飬
һ㾪ϲΪ֪ũʧȥɵң޷ǣ
͵ŮԶҵ֪СҲ͹ǿ顣
ʱԴ˱ܣϡǿ鶼Ǹ͵͵سˣȲ
˵ҲˡҲֻǳһͬģſذ
ŪֵǷ͸һЩ

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ﶼӣվϵĸɲ޷ÿӣӱ
Ϊزʳ;ǴϲոУ
ʹվϸɲļ£Ҳ跨ܿӥƵ۾и
ӣ˭ȥոĽءҺС·ǣ
ɢɢ׻ڵģȫȻûʮũĴʱ
һո龰θѹͼ˫صѹʹǵ
ľ˺ܴı䡣һѵõĻҵǲʳ
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40죬ΪҪٵöࡣǽǿ˻ѵ
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θ޷ɣͳʹǳ֢״òʱȣθ
ƣֻһڶվһλѾͷĴڴ
ӣǲܲˣԱѵҸǣ˵θ
ܾϣصվϳЩ־
Щˮҹθӷͣҵʹʹ
Ϸѣ󺰴Уʱѻֹͣ˺ʱ
ѵһ硣죬ϺˣԭԱתˣ
ݲҶ˾ĸɲӽƵϷ

˵ѣֳΪվⷢӣɷӽн"
̲"ڶ죬ǰվһյϣټȫɷ
ֳᡣ¡Ƥʬ׾ͰڷһԵĵϣò
ӻÿһ۾Ƴվϵӳѵ⣺
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ˡڴҶˣӲǲ죬̶ͬԿֱ
ȡǶúð˿ԼԸ·ҲУ
ǰ"ѵصûÿѵϡ
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ƤɫƤϵѪΪ̫Ѿˣɫ
Ĩġ⸱״ʹһƳһ֮󣬱תͷ
ټȥ

ƵϷ۾ʶżѡũǺѵ
ɷͬʹģڣˡѾһ
ˣǲѵţΪ
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Уֻҭѡ

һվҲҵѳӱʵֽ
Ǹ߸಻ꡣһվҪһЩûаڳ
ʬС

ҵУ˵¼лҵ
һλòҵĸУ۴Уҵĸߣ
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͸ڼܾ֮࣬ͷźصũϼңͶ
ֶңֻһҰˡһλ֪
λ֪һֻ򣬾ɱζ
ûλ֪˵˳ԷҪнƣرǳһ
ҪнƣȻҪΣաԱ֮˾ȿ˯ˣ
һֱ˯ţһֱŹ⣬ûгԹδ
ˡշת࣬˼ȥ֪ɱΪдԼģ
ΪʲôԼԹأ֪ѳ˯
¿ͷߣҿǣץִԴ
˸ˣ֪ʱҲѻһ

ӵ֪ļҵóۣ˶ڳ
ԭǽĵã
˳ڰһõʳʱԼ޷
ƣһسԵԸΪֵ

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Ĺ£ٽŽȥ

ׯ֡ǰվȥˮʱ
ЩѳԳˣ˳ְѳӸȡ
ΪԼջδСڸڵ
ڽˮɳվϵĸɲڽˮһˣ
δκ˶Ρ

պ󣬴ȱ֣Ȼɵ˳ϸɻʱ
͸ϵͳũϸɻ˶͵ʳҲʲã
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˺ӹϳĹ̸ܽɲϲԾۣ
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С׷СٷЩײˡɲתƣ
ǰײˣȸɲˣײˣƲӲӡС׷
ˣɴ󱥿ڸڳϣ֮С׷
վϸɲҪ⣡վϵĸɲСףȻŵù"ְ"
ȥͷģô֮С׷Щ
ƣڸɲƤС׷Щ

Ĺũúֶθĳʳ嶼ȡ֮
ԼȻ֮ܲԩͶ죬ҲΪũ˲Ƹ
óԱӡ""ʳ֮ףһ
źԭϼҾͰȫźü֮󣬵ũ
źȴԲӣΪһ֮ҪΣ뷽跨
ȫ˳ԱӡοźӸũǸͬʹ࣬
ѹĹũŲμͶĻ٣ûǮ̵
ЩŮϲͷ֮ԼסԼ
ίǷӳȱԼļ缸
ȴɷӡ˽׼˵Ĳʹѵȫ˶Բ
ӵʵ޷رܣҪʳԴʱҲЩ
;һΣסڸڵһλչҹʮ·ũ
Ȧ͵һֻɱ͸ֻҲϲصȫҹ
ڼȫܳϷʷʵ⣬ϵĸ֡
ӦйһŻ"ġ"ѲǸ̨ίũ
幤Ϊίũ幤ΪԭѸ
û˸ϵ

պм¿׷һ¡һ죬ĥȱ
֣ؼαƳ֪ͨȥɰ졣ǵһνĥ˻ĥ
Ĳ֣ģһľƽ̨ʯ
ĥºһ¡¡תţʯĥתһ̨ķ
չܷ"ְ"ѽ40꣬Լ
ˣʹ˾ԵûϴƵġˣ
ǼŮɵ֮ǰ˵ЩٶѲĲשľ
ȡ˻˱ȽϸɾĹ˵
ˣǧԪĴڵʱһʲСĿҲ
Լųķ硣͸ũ겻ԣЩŮɵĳ
֣Ȼɧ˭ҲδԤϵġ"
ְ"ǻע⵽ˣԽǹ۲쵽쳣ɢִ
ǵĶС

յǰĥĥӣͨͨ
ľƽ̨ľͷľͷ𵹽С
Сӣȹľͷ̨ϵľͷĸƽ̨ϣʯ
ĥϷмһһεļӹĥһΡҲ֪
ܹҪĥΣĻظذӱľͷƽ
̨ٵʯĥϷľȥȥظѡ
أøٶȣظžСΪӲͣ
ʯĥĥţĦȣֻĥ¶Ҫߣе
ʯ찮𷼣һһǲӢ
ţҲڲظŻĥҵ"ְ"һ
άһ壬˶ʮ꣬˵ҵ磬ƶ
·̵ġҪǶԻĥ·еϵ
д޹ϣҲЩһӻ

ǶظŻʱ򣬾ȻһϷԵ
ڣڻĥĥӵʯȻҲһҵ"ְ"ͻȻ
ԣһСڴϴæװӣҿ
ʼûʶڸʲôСҹڼҲָ
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óһ糤͵ĺ̹ٴһССĲڴ
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һжæ˹һϺ̣
ǣʲôڻ¡죬ͻȻ߲û
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ᶯͰѾЩˣøеϤƽ˵
ͺΪҶ͵Сһֻۣһֻۣװû
͵ˡ֪ʱң͵ũС̵Ϊ
µΪҪԭҵĶӶûʯ찮ȥ
ץҾĻû͵ɡºʯ찮˵"Ǹɲ
ãĥ͵ӣӦñһԼ"
£ȷʵûбԼ뷨ʯ찮Ļƴӣ
ȫˡҵΪΥĵģûΥģҲ˵
ǣһϷԵĳĳ֣һֱ̣ǡ

꣬ʶһλŮк̸У˵
գԭ˰ֵĸɲ1957걻Ϊҷ͵˾Ȫ
б߹ũͶ1960ռڣѮĸף糾
͵شݳ;棬һСˮĵطȥ
գվסʮ졣

ʱڣҲǵβμڼ䡣

˴Ӽб߹·ҴסŮңߺ˵
ݵòˣȫ⼸갤ݵģ·ҡҡλΣ
ɲվϵͽԱɲˡμأ
ϸϸģֻа糤ƾͽԱ޷ո
ܲܰڵﲻոũʹ͸ũһ͸ķ
ոЩ͸ķ˸彡׳ոܿ졣ֻոһ
ڣӵĹ̸ܽɲͲͬٸȥԭ͸ķԭ͸ũ
ȥˡԭǣ͸ũĹ̸ܽɲĻʳ̫ǳԲ
ոʱ䳤ˣ͸ķϿ塣

ݺ´ĸڼ䣬ͽԱԵ
ޣĲӣޣǴũĵޣ
죬ÿʳûܾԡһΣһ̸ܽɲ
һͽԱ緹˵ӣܳԲӣͽԱ


͸ķոӳԲϰ棬Ҳޣӣ
Ļʳ͸ũҲûԹ͸ũĹ̸ܽɲ°ѷ
Ͽ塣б߹ũĹ̸ܽɲͽ̷ӵ
Ҫҳ˿ͽ̷ӵķʳó꼢ͽ̷ٶ
һ٣һޣӶʵ
˵ŮĸҲ̸ܽ
أΪ⡣ǵĿУͽ̷Ӷɸ
ʲô

һֱΪҵڼб߹̼ʹ಻ѣҲ֪
μأҵƤΪżԾͷÿռ
ڣʲôʳܲܳԱдδἰε
УǷҲ˥ûոҶ޴֪

´ĸ׵ȷҲ˵һʵڷɶ֮
ʡϵ쵼Ƕȫʡ³ֵĿ˹ְļҷӵ
ͷ죬ѡһȫʡһָϿڣԼб
ǷüҷƾͶ
Լ뼰б߹ļҷӴδԱƶ
ջ޷ʹͶ˹Ϊǵ
ҪͷֶΡ

͸ķڰˮʱԼޣӣΪǵĹ̸ܽɲ
ݣϿ巸˵塣ˮĹ̸ܽɲҪҲӿ˿ͽ̷ӵ
һޣӡ̵ķ彡׳ɱũ
֧Ԯˮգˮͽ̷˥޷գԲ
ޣӣ˿ۡͬڸĺͬ͸ϵͳ
̷ӵĵλ͸ķ֮¡

Ϊγ˵ľ棿ֻʡϺ͵ľס

´Ľ궬Ҳڼ
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***********************************************
ҵ1957

ͷ


ʮ¡ҵǨ˸̨ˮ

1960˾£Ȫб߹ͽũ1000ͽ̷
Ǩ̨ذֳ˾Ȳͽ̷ֻ
ǰͷһ죬ߴҾװ֮಻ܴ
̸ֻܴǺõģһƹӳ300ͽ̷
˸̨ˮһ300ͽ̷Уҵˡ

40ǰȪб߹ũһǨٴ룬䱳Σ֪
ھȪб߹һزʮƶ񤣬μء1957
ŹƼ""չͽ̷Ӵӵ룬Ȼ
̷ӸͶȡһժȥɷӵñӡջص
еǰ̫ũ޷ȡͽ̷Լ
ճɣȫջֻȫԱ£͸ϵͳǺ
ġΪͽũճ޷ԸҪϼʳͽ̷
ʹʡ͸ľַǳջ𡣾Ȫб߹ũͷͷǾһ߻
Ǩ̨һأƾͽ̷ǿɣȡи
ճɣԱʳȡԸ̨صضǻأ
ļͷͷǾ۵Ϊǰпɡ٣رȼб߹
μҪá

ˮԭǺµһƬҰ300ͽ̷ӵ
ˮӰʱνˮֻһ10׵ĸɺ˵ĺӴ
ˮǾԶ˵ʷˣںˮֻ
ĲһƬһ޼ʣֻưܵݼӡ

ĳԷסʱ⡣

Сӳ־ԭսĹŵıർһ
ԱܷţȦԼɨסһҹڶ糿
101չڣչӦϢһ졣ڳס
£Ϣˣ300˷ΪϡСӣڸԵĵ
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˿̵κֱӾ׽ѹƤͽθҲʮ
ζʯ찮𷼿Թϣ֪޷Ŀܣ͵ͷ
˯ȥˣҲδ˯ţöԹϣζҲܡ
˭أʱСңֻԸˡʮֳ
ңɹڸԴڵĹһɹˣҺСȡعӣ
ӳԡ֪ʱǳԵĶǰϻһĹϡ
ӳǳɫϸϸģСҲСڳУЩ
ȿˡϵũΪͶ
ȴռɹɣĵ྿ӲƤϸ
ССʶϸϸ׽Ʒټζ˵
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⼫ټٵĹʶΪǲӪƷ˳Թϣ
ѳԹӶҲõܣÿ춼ĵزӵ
ྐྵӳԡ

ʹҵһοݵĸĸԮǸҼĸ
֪ǲܾôҲ벻ȵؾס
ݵҵĸĸúҵĺǣһƾԷǣʱҲ
ʳѾءڸĲ˵ʰũջ
ڵİײ˰òҶʱһʰһͽɳԵĲ
ҶʱС졣ʱ֪ݵľͲ
ĸԮˣҵʱҲ벻ЩΡ

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üңһҵʳðúãܳԱһҵʳðòã
ҳԵþͲȥ̽׵ȻҲͳԲáų츮֮Ĵʱ
ǮҲ򲻵ʳƷؼȻǴһǮģ
̵򵽿ɹͬʱḻʳƷʹɨˣ
졣صĹũѻϼҼüв
һվվ־ʱ˵һ£滹һ䣺"˵
"˼ǲҪ⴫ɶϴҲ
˵֮ǣûסԼƺְͬĻ
˱ˣһϼСİãί
״ʱĹũΪĵ֯Աֱɰί
˵״ȥɰίϼ齻⡣

ɴε"ɽ"Ҳֻʵʵس"
"ʾ˵ͷڸ֮⡣Ļ̶̫ͣ޷Ļ
ϸߵݣдһƪϡӻ
־ίдϡ־ίֻס
ڸһȦݷң־ţʱ
΢ƽһ£Ŷ־˵"Ҷ˵Щ
ϸߣҰдһݽϡ"˵ʱ
Ҫ޳ӡ־񲻸˵οĵĻҴҰ
дϾͻũ

˼죬ӶӳǺΣ־
תš־룺"καҪתתȥŽţ
"һ죬ڳ߹ͽסνֻ
򿪰ʱ滹зţ˵ҿܻزˣ
úӣѿվǱʸתͺϼ
ǾͺúùɣŴʧɫŵֶס
ع׷־"˵ĻزĻز
׷ʲô£"־ֻο

ξоնաԭί
ΪǵǸսʱڵϸɲż
Լϣֺãһë󶫵ԸΧ˼
˵"ëϯ˵һ˹ᣬҲвġ
ǵ幫磬Ҳвġ˵Ĺ
ͬõĹвҿûɶ󣬲˵Ƿ"
ƽػصĹũĸصź


ⷬʹľʳȻʲôҲ˵ˡ"ɽ
"Ͼֻһɽ֮ȫϾ֮£Ҳüȡѵ
ײбŰûԼĲʹκı䣬
ûɼˣ뵽µ"ְ"ҵҲԩ
ҲдӦ˵̬ȶԴҵȡƣȻֻ
һζسʩչ"ר"ȨҵȣֻҪԼʹ죬ʹ
ʲôֶΪҵȶ֡磺ǹ̽̽
ֱѪ죬Ӣάڰ칫ҵķ
ϣά͵֮£Ƿ

ũרĿж׸ū˵һ
רֻԵ˳ӷӡԣʳΪÿ15֮
ҡڵ߽ĥĿŵذũװ
ĥɷӡ"ְ"˸ҿ"ħ"
ħΪʹ֮װòɫΪ͵˵۱
ϷάӹװۣһװñԼ͵˼
εĻ࣬ҿ𣿳ٴαϡ



ʮ¡ȥ"ҽԺ"տ

ƵӢͻȻ֪ͨңҪʱڶ쵽"
ҽԺ"ȥտסһţûտ

"ҽԺ"λþڳߣڶվм䣬ֻʮ
ӵ·̡ڶԹȥ"ҽԺ"տһ·ϣֻһ
ɶľɫͺͺһֱչԶСݻƵ«ݵ
׺Ƭ֮͹ĵطˮ«ǳĴ
ȥĺԶԶС«ˣŻ
ƵĹ⣬һСˮˮߴ״«һĻɫС
ϪǰӿȻտԶ̫ۡʧȥ
ůǳǳİ׹⡣һз·Ԥʾĳֲ顣
У޾֮꣬·ֻй¶ҡҺȻ
ЩŻʲôңˡÿ15ʳ
µĺ޷ȥ룬Ҳ롣ҶӼԹ˲Ͼ
Ҳҿˣ˿̵϶ѴڸΪҵľأ
״Ҹҽһȥ롣

"ҽԺ"СԺֻмƾɵķӡȻũĸɲ͹
˲סĲΪ"ְ"׼ġ߽ӭ
ӿ˿ֻǽƤ䣬಻ͬһڸΪ
"ҽԺ"ȫ¡ͨϣŰ˾Ÿţ
СЩҲšЩȫǴվ"ְ
"һ׹棬ƼݣĿ͡ȫ
ңȫûһ沿κα飬ûͬҴкǻ
Ҳκۣûһ仰Ϊţûֻ
֪˭˼Ƶ̾γ
һСѳΪ"ְ"ũǵҪ޸ı
ȻңʱϰԵ˼άΪʽҺ
ҲкҲı׼ԼԼοûһ
ǴʮũѡףֻǱտġ

ﻹ3ӻ"ְ"һ棬
ɷþɱֽӣ¯úשˮ
ŲæظǣͬϵЩ"ְ"֮£ٲȻһ
ˡǶʮͷ彡׳һҲ
Ͽ

ҵأպ5¡տõ«ݣҪ"
ҽԺ"ʮ״һƬ«ݵȥߵ«ݵ
ȥ͸˵«ݷܿ͸һ
رʱˣ粻һ«Ҳأ"ҽԺ
"ҪУȴŲֻܲתӺ«
бӳǰ5Ժ档Ұ
«ݷڿڣ⿪ӣһſ«Ϸ«ݴߣһ
Щ«ѿ"ҽԺ"ʱһСƿ
ͣһ«պͷŵﱳĵطûһ㣬
«ʱȼ˴һ«ָ
«ݣ5

СʱҲ˯ȿʮ˴˯ࡢúĩ
յȿ˯ȵĴϣůůģĸܰ
ǾҸڣƽһտԶݵ
뵽еļڸʲôտҲ벻

Ϊʱ仹磬ֻص˴󲡷Щ¡бҵʱ
һλͬѧдڼϵٱԣʱڶߣ˵"
ѵǣԮ֣"μӸ󣬼֮
ΪСʲ׼˵Ҳ֪
ȥˡʱλȴֻ֪ڶߣԼʡ
䳤µļʹЩ"ְ"һݹᾣĴ
ѳ˵ԳܵļޣǳΪţȫڼ
ÿﶼ£ֻû˰˵Ϊʲôʳ
úճɵũȴ˶ųڵ˶Ϊʵ"
"õũӵڣô
£ţÿ˵ﶼ֣ÿ˶
롣ȻҲûеӰȥʱķյĻҲ
ʹ޷ЩǣЩܿѵˣ룬Ҽ
ɵӦΪЩ£ܼķΧڡ

ж˹̩ڡѵ̡ڶĿƪ˿ײ
ġλ˵"ˮΣѪˮԡΣڼˮ
ΣǾͻᴿòٴˡ"һС˵￨Ρѵ
̡а׾ӣںҽԺ񡣡ZWںҽ
Ժ龰"ְ"Ҳˣһο϶ΪЩ
ȫӦõġԼѱĥ֧ţĻǽݡ
ޱȴ¡ʱҳΰңһʹԼ
ΪǿԸʹϵŰж˹̩Щ
ҿολ︡ʱػһЩȻ
Ҿʶж˹̩Ĺ£ʵֲˣ
˹ֵ෴ܲɱС˵е˹й˹Ҳ
ԴҰѰж˹̩ԵԼ澳
һֱάֻ˵ҶδԱмᶨ
ԼԼȷţվ˵ңһ
ԭԼҲǿѵɨɨ
һֶֻž´ɲˮӹףӴ
¯ϵˮﵹˮиƽԽ"ְ"ް
ˣްǰһ飬¶޻Ǹˣ
Ƶģ֧ĥĥ䡢ڵ˿Ҫ
ȥ֣ȴҲЬҰӶǽµһЬҵЬ
˹ȥ̧ӣݹëǮҴƱŷ
ЩһҲѾȷʵھľطЩ
šʱҲ֪ΪЩ£Щ˵
Ϊ䶺ʱܵһů

һӣҿϣעſЩɫƾɱ
ӣ̻̣֪Եǣ
Ҳʮѹ֡ءҵ˱ǿأһ硢
رɫѿˣŸˣӱһ
޿㣬Ҫóȥ档Ҳ˼
մµ޿㣬߳ţŵ淿
̨ϣͷһֻŲִַʭӡ
ᣬҲЩѹ⼢˵Ѫ֪ʭӳȥ˶
٣ҵİССġʭǲ֪ҪⱵ
ʱ֪һҹϺʭǷȫɡ

׼߻طʱӺ"ְ"Աߵһ
˳һֽң򿪱ֽǺ
ʣĽң"Բԣ"ʣĽܲྻɫ
Ĩģ˵ӶĶҲ޷ʣҡҡͷЦ
ЦˡȻǳһѺõĹĲʼҡǲܰͬ
ЩģЩţ"˭ԣ"Ľ
һᱻֽȥԸ⡣Υ˼ɣ
淢ġ

һ죬ûмҽҲûĸųҩ
ǵҪǳԷǳҩ

ʹȫũĹ磬̫ϻ
ܸߣҾȻسصڴϣ۰Ͱ͵ص
緹ʱ̵

ʳôԱı£ÿ˲2ۣǺ
Ӽӹļӣɳֱܴ26׵
衣ɫڣִӲȿӻֵļʱθ
Щ͸С룬պرǿӼ
һյӪɷ֡Щ"ҽԺ"Ĳţ쵼˵
ղˣɡͼ֮ĴʳƷʳδ
ӣʵʻǣǻ˰ڲʵ
ҿ̾

˯ʱҾֶˡǼ˵١̼˯
ȥΪ˲ʱʹ࣬Уһֱڳż
ûĺóԵĶеѣΪ˯硣
ҳ˯ֱתʮַѾ

գԸ"ҽԺ"

Ҫȥ«ݣֻ·һб汼
۶ˡ"ҽԺ"ǰͣˣĸϳˣ
Ǹȳ"ְ"һͣ£ߺŽгϵǼ
ݿµ˿϶ĲˡǶٻҲ²˳
ֻȳһѾһͲ³Ҳ
ʲôλŪʹˣһһ£Ҫˤֱ
ֵȳһסȳӴֱץסⲡ"ҽԺ"ſȥ
ֻһεÿ̧һνŲͦѡȳӰ͵ǽߣ
ǽվסȥߺȱˣǼеĻڱеİ
ڵŲŲǰȥұǰľ󾪴ˡ
ԭʽȳӶͬԼһģĲ
ţͬԴһ㡣ͬģѲڡô
˭ݲԼͬȨҲĿȥԸȳ
кת«ȥˡ

Ҹһ«ݣڿ·һߵĿڣ׼տʱ
һҵң"ʲô"һͷ
ŷģԭʡ͸ľֵĸɲĹũڶվСӳ
ڶվͶʱźϤġҼ򵥵˵˵"ҽԺ"
Ҳʼվǡ˵"ڣҪΪԼ
"Ҳһһֻ˵õ𣿼̶һ룬
ΪԼٵľǲ档л
˵仰ŷĺҲΪ˵仰ҵҡƾоƾ
ܣòܰ仰Լ·
һʱ"ҽԺ"ĿǰȸеЩ֣Ҳ
ΪҵǣΪҵĲҶ֮ģ߹Ͼ
Ҳͬڱ˵ģǸŮԣǸ衣ΪСӳ
ܰͬĻÿû˵ʲôˡ

ҳ˼һĬĬؼտ"ҪΪԼ
"ʱ˵أ仰̫ȷˣԭ˼ϻû
治ȥľ׼ֻ룬ʹٶӣҲҪȥ
"ҪΪԼж"ٵʶҪжȴã
Ȼ֪ô졣е㿪ϰɡҿʼ뵽͵ļһֱ
ȥҵҲᱻ壬"ҽԺ"Ĳһ
ʱһоˡ޹εĿǰֵزĲʡ
ܵһ»ΪһӦӵеһС
Ϊһһ򵳵ˣܾ׵ؽһСң
ҡǣһΪе˻ţΪԼţ
һвܾһҪȥұĿ³
˵ǰȷţһ죬ҫҵϡҪΪ
ԼлĶ

һ߻ز3"ְ
"߹ˡǼ󲡷ĺ棬ƽʱû
ʲôأֻһغ죬Сӣ˵ϻ"ְ"
ͳһС˶Щõӣ
ʱСӺ"ְ"к˵"ҲЩ"
¿ڴҲ˼ѳӣȻԼҲ˳ӡ
֮õļȣҲֻ㣬ÿӶų
ġѵζҼ᲻ȥ״̬
Ҵ˾׽ĳӣȻճݡ
ǻĳӵĲҺϸ¡

ǲʵġڴӵϲ˷У
ʱϳˣ̲סʵ"Ķ
ӣ"СӺ"ְ"ش˵"Ƕڳϸɻ"ԭ
ˡǲͬЩţýڣֻűȱ
Խ

3"ְ"ӶĻũ񣬲֪Ƿ
ʲôӡ3еһǸˣң
ʱѶļӳɽ£ƻ3̡
ʱϸϸųӣִδ֮Ҹ
Լ޶˵˰ж˹̩Ļ"Ǿͻᴿòٴ
ˡ"Ȼ䣬öλЩȻˡǣأҼ
İáϸƷζױȵζ
ԡζľ׽ʻڶˣθ
ʸʹ졣֪11ҳϵһ㡢
ͣСӺ"ְ"ҵļѳӣܶȫ
ʳءޱζܾһĳӰ

Ǹ˺ʹӺ"ְ"곴ӣתˣ
͸ķѵǵľԣ֪Ƕĵط


СӺ"ְ"һ˵ȥһ
ȥӡиСɣȥ̨
ǸͦáȻŮΪͺӻ
ʳά档ƽ˵ЩԴԡ
˵"ֿģÿȥԵģͦ
ãȷʵã"ҵ˽Ķ󣬴Լʮ˷
׾ڱ࣬Բѵ˵š۾¶
ϵ̬ţδ뼰ΪǶ˵ַٲȻ
Ů˵ıļ˵һСǴ𣿴˵
ҲŷĵĻڶߣ"ҪΪԼ
"Ӧ˵вǴһвķ

СӺ"ְ"̸һգǾ͸ˡ߽
ĿŻӵСţԭҴУĹ
ԱǴʮũѡĹũãȥˡ
ԭ棬ͶҪҵ֡˵
ԣǳɡˮܲӧʱڹ
Ĺϵһֱ͸ɲ˳һû̫ͷߣ
ҲʮũſӳԹˣһĹũܲ
ˡҲȡ˹ʵˣûǮʳҺһ
ͽп಻˵"˳Բܲˣܲ
ˣ"̹ʣ뵽ʮũƽ̬ȶԴǣ
ϰߵĹнþˣԼݡˣ
Ӧϣܵģ˵㣬ĸɲݵ
𣿻ӶӳҲǰ칫ԵĽ
ԵǫѷòϵڿҿңɫĶԴС
ų˹û˵⣬¶һ˼Ҷ
"׼"ҲԶģΪ֮òԭȡ
İ"ҽԺ"Ψһѡ

СһҾ͸˵ʣ"ףô"ʣ"
ôˣ"˵"ˣǾˡ"˵䣬
̾˿Ҵ"ô"ֻðο
"԰ɣŰɣ"شҲЩȻҲ
Ϊġ״ͬݵ"ְ"ҪһЩ

ڴ󲡷æһ߳󲡷ֻԱСſб
һӳŴţ"ְ"лʿ͸ӻĴӺ
"ְ"Ӳ̧ˡʿУһϺˣǰ
̸䣬3ԺȻмҹ鲻ã
¶޷˵Ŀԣһһƿɽ
ϺҲᣬңüͷ֣ʾҿ쵽һ
ȥҪҲˣ̧һʬ壬
ңһ"ҽԺ"ΨһŮԡҲ㿪Ѳ
ԭңһͨŮˣ֪ũˡ룬
̫Ŀѣ޷ϡԵĴִ
ѣܶÿ𣿿أʹη壬Ҳ
һˣҪһܹ١ҺȻҡЩ̧
˵"ְ"֮ͬ䲢δ̫ľ롣Ҳƽ
ڽʱ֮ǰûκμʾҪԶȥ
ȴȻ١һ"ְ"ȥûΪᣬҲ
ûκͱʽΪûһˣ
Ƕļǹңıˡڣһжսᡣһ
վԭأǰˡһлǿ̧
ʬǱӵ˼ӳϣֻһͷֺҵͷ
ϸ˳ֱӶѿɫ˫ղ
ɲ۾գһֻɫֻ˼ӳϡ
"ְ"ӳʿں棬һߣ
Ƶһ£˳Ǻܿ߳СԺϵ
ǰҵԼĹޣǺ뿪˼䣿ţЩΪ
еû˭įнǸѲǵ
һΣΡй´ԼɵñȽƵʹԼ
ľʡ˵ԼأԼͲͬЩ"ְ"
ʵǣһУҲֻǴ͵վľʣ
ĬұסԼ죬еĸ̾˼ĵס
ֻǸϺ˾Ȼ뵽ǸŮˣͼֹҿ
˵ĸ飬һ룬ҲеɹҪʹȫƺ
ҲʹϾʱ̡Ժڴ̧
˵һ

ϣûͬݵŮ˵ҿ˵¡ŷ˵
˵Ļ"ҪΪԼ"֪Ǹȷж
ţ˵ͦˣҸҸ˵ǵڷҶл
ҷܵеʱ˵""
֣磬˵Ҫĳֲ塢
塢ȵȣ⡣зУ
ǲڵģ籨"塢塢
"ʵ˵ΪУɷν
""ǰìͷָ˭ͲԶӶܵУ
ϱʣҪʵЩĳѾȥ꣬
̴档ҾԲ˵ŷĵԭΪҾһ
ֳɵͰǰΪԼ棬Ҫ"˭"Ȼ
һǣŷġǾ仰ֻزǣ
һԼĻظŮǣ"һ취
ǵûȥ"ҽԺ죬Ͼ飬ͳ
У뵽һ˵˵Ҫöࡣ

ʵÿΪԼ棬Ѿŵ˼˺Щ
ֻǶĲ˵ﻹЩǡʯ찮һ
Ĭȵ˵"ʵ͸ˣȥ
һ꣡"С˵"ǾҿҲ
ȥˣ"˵"ԭһֱͷϵñӣܵ
ȡȰñժ˵ڡ"˵꣬Ƕҵִ
ȿֺһʹʯ찮˵"ڻֻժñӣ
ˡ"СԭҲһֱ߶ժñӵ£˿ȴ˵"ʲôʱ
ˣֻժñҲ̫û˼ˡ˭ժñӵ£Щɲ
ÿ˵»ֹסأ"һ룬Ҳǵģͬȣժ
ñʲô£οЩɲǱͶԸժñû飬
ͷûǶ""ǻܹܵһר
ˣһʧȥרȨ᲻ܵġ𷼴Ϊ
һժñӵ²ģ˿̣ĵҲô
ȥﶼΪ˻ȥѾذɷ͵ܹ
ȥĲ֪ʲôطȥˡߴٴ˵"Ǿͺúһ
"ʱҶͣ緹þ⣬ûԹƵģ
θյۣԴľ㶵ģƣ
˵ˡ11ϵʱرѰ
вڲơ

һȥƽʱ˵"͵"Ϊ
ǸɲɵΨһĴ¡Ƕ֪ƺԺѷ
񲼸ŵһӣҶ˵õԣͣԵҲ
ãʹҲ󣬷ǶӶû͵ʳʱ͵
ʳĪɣͦء˭ȥأΪӦȥΪԭÿ
϶ƼȥֻǽȥҽԺտͣҪ·Ƕ
Ҳۣپǳɲһӡ󻹿ԣ类Ҳ
⡣ðΪĵһ˱Ī

컹δڣҴһõĴ־Ͷˡ߽СԺ
Ժûˣһ۾ͿӶѣﶯأֻ񲼵
ľѹúʵҵһζȥûܽ
и񲼽ûѹסͼæȥң˭֪һָֻץס񲼽ǣ
һʣ"˭"ŵһͷҲû뵽ʻľǺ
һݡࡷͬһȡɵС
֪˵ʮֽţڴ־ҰЩ
޻ӣżߡңʲôҲû˵Ҳ
ûлͷٿһۡʱժñӣڳֵҹ
ͬڳƽʱټ棬żڰ칫ΣҲʶƵ
˵к˳ЩɲǵҪֻҾ
޷֪ڸֲ¡һ̸̨˵ȡ
ˣھȻ˵֪գαص뵱
Щɲǰڲ̨Ϸ˵ĶĿ
Լ˸꣡

һжʦ͵ص޻ӳҲʲôáһ
Ǿʯ찮𷼴ӻĥ͵۳ʯ찮
˵"õĶǾ棬ʲôӪƨòǻ
취ۣϸ24ҾԼ취ˣÿϹʱ͵
մӻĥ㾫˵ϲľҪһӲſĿˮ
صÿˮһͳԡʱ뵽Ӳȥˣ
ȱʳһֱ֧ȥ"ͬסһݣʯ찮¾Լ
취ˣǾ֪ڣʮϾ໥
ٱܻ䣬ʲôҲɲɡΪ˴Ҷȥǵͬ۹
ãͬ߳

͵۳ĴԭԺǽһۣ͵
ôԷʯ찮˵ڼʱоУ϶մ棬ֻ
һʳָ裬ܰѰۺͳţֻҪϴȥʳָϵ
ˡô¯ӱӱζ
ŷ졢ӷɢȥǵڻ޳Աߣ
ſھ߶˶ʳرһ˷
ʱ˳鿴Ƭ֮¯ֻҪ
˽һҲῴңֻҪ͵ۣ𷼺
ʯ찮ͻӻĥǵԴͻϾǴҵ
涼ܵв͵ҪԽҲôѣ

ڶ磬ڳ·أ뵽
վϣԸ㵽ʳӦץס
Ϊ֪ӴͷΣʱԴС
ũʮദͲֻҪЩ취
ҵԱˣҾֱԲС"ܲ͵
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ˡδȵңץţ;ҧ
ҧţ͵ΣһҲ֣ת
ˡ󣬶Ÿңصһվֱվȥ
⣬ԼҲ㵽⡣ţԭ͸ʾֵС
ӵģΪݵļмţ⣬Ϊ¸ѸСӣΪ
ңܵʾִСȡظңӦԺٸС
һ硣Ĺũûԭʮũɡ
ڳңſԮҾصõ
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Լȥտ꿻ͽ󲡷Сһңʹ
˵"ѽյĿʱͱˣҶܲ
ܰѿյһ㣡"ݲҵ꣬һܵ
û뵽չĿȻǰŹɳ
Źɳ˵˵"ЩְûȸȥˣЩŶ
˵˯ȿˡ"ȻڱңŪЩ"ְ"Ϊʲ
ôղȸС˵Ϊ϶Ҳ
ʵһ룬«ú͸˵«һţܿ
Ҳչˣʱȣǿ϶ġҪʹһ
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꿻3"ְ"һݺ3˷ֳԳӣ
ԸҼѣ̰Ҹɭĵſڣ֮
Ҳæߡ

صҵŹɳ˵Сŵ˵"ҽԺ
ְһοһֱȵϡ"˭֪Źɳһھ
"ǿûȵ⣬Щûһˣŷ
ѿյȣᷢ¹ܣ"ĻشʹֱС
ܽסǰı䣿ѵû˶
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صػصᣬʳôһļû뵽
ٷиơԭж󵨵شӻĥһ
־۴ָҡʳѣ飬ɴ
ԼմķԽ
ǳٽ˲ҲΪһֳԷ
¶κʹʲôɣѳԽ
ۣ˭Ҳû취ңȻͷǾͿ
һֱȥΪԼ棬һõĿͷԭ
ÿͷĿֻšҡǣ붼ˡһ
ÿ˻ıϵ˱֤ÿ˶һ趨
ʱ˿̣ʲôÿ˵ش󡢸ȵأ
ҪԶ壬Ǽζĳܴ˵ġ

ϣһ죬Ȼ̸˵һ˵С
Ӻ"ְ"͸ҳӣʯ찮ʣ"Ӻó
"˵"Ȼóԡ"ʯ찮ż˵"һûԹ
أڴﻹûУҪУҳҼҳ"Ĳ
ˣɼÿγԳӶҪڿڴϸѰΣô
ǽĳһǶǻڵſڵλ꣬
ԸֻԸˡ

ؽһӪݣÿֶһ
ɽҽڷڷڣʮãԵ
һ緢˶ԩѩ֮յĵڵҲ
ϣԼǻžۣõǵ⣬
ǵİĺ͸οһԩܿǶôҪ˵İů
ʵһеҪԼšĹũǵ
͸ķɷʵзֶ֮İ취Ҫ໥֮侭
״ʮũʱγɵѰľһɨ⡣ʯ찮
ԭദĹũ쵼ܣʹһȴѣ
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֮ΪĻճ־õĶΪ
жһֻԸԸ"Ϊս"
Į˽ΪΪԼȡĴԭǵԸ
һα졣ԣڳԳʱδ뼰ͬݵŮ飬
˵ʲô"Ǿͻᴿòٴ"ƭ˵Ĺ
궼ˣһŤԭֱ
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ҵվֲͬǡҳһٱÿ춼
ķûɶ⡣Զڸ̨ѵľľأܳ
һٷ𣿿϶ûǰһĽ
Ƴѵʱ˵Ļת"һҪи߶ȵģ"
Ƴ˵ģ˼Ҫ"ְ"ҵڼʱ
Ҫ͵ԣ³һβʵӰ쵽ժñӣԣдʱ
仰תⲻʶʱȰ棬Ȱ棡ͷ
ǶñʹҴˡǸļǿҪӵ
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͵ĻᣬһҪ"߶ȵ"
ʳ"֮ʳ"򱻼ĥ˼
Ҫ"߶ȵ"û뵽ʹһʧĻ
"ҽԺ"ˣɫϸ棬д
ڼӳϵɫ֣һδεǰ
ҵһμһˡ֪Ҷ޷ѵ
˵޾ҩѵʱ
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תӢĻҲſЩСżң˵"
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ȷʵûˣǰ͵ʱ
ǲᷢġȻȵġȻΪԼ
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ǵģګګתС˵˵ӢһοĽ
δܡСֻ䵭ر""һʲôҲ˵ˡͬ
ݱĲľȻ˵ûһ˴Ҳûκα
ʾһšǰıϺûʹͬ
ٵʹطԣֻΪƾԼ
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ֹһ죬ȥСţûСšʣ"Сأ
"شҵ˺ޱ飬ٶ۵˵"ǰûˣ"һ
ӿǽϣ촭ǰʹɪɪ
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ȴûŬڣȷûˣ컹ŵĿ
һհסϢˣµԵıޣ
һհס֪ϵĿհ׽ܾͻᱻһ"
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ĸϤ"ҽԺ"ﰴ͸ĵλĹ涨죬
ʼЩΪ֪أǱϾһ
ֲ޸ϵᡣұ뿪
ǣ⣬ƮڲãȵĳգҲŵ֪
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һŵĲҲͬѾڲţ

֪˶ãĬĬش߳˺һ
"ͬ־"ҳһĹũ"ͬ־"ѸǾ
Ե֣Խﾹƺѭȥҵһ
ʮꡢݲ԰ݵĲšͬڱˣżȫµɫ
ߴɽԵñȱ࣬ö࣬˵ͨü͸
šͷǽų˯ţĺֳ˵
"ͬ־أذ"Ҳ룬"ͬ־"Լ
˵ǸйʵɣСſ϶֪ΪԼҪһ
ȼΪ˺˵ϻóȻһ֣صش󵨺˵
ҪƽŮ""ʹҵͷӿҲ
֪Ҳ֪Ǻˣʲôҵûش˵"
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˸вѡҲ͸ķΨһŮԣ
ƽ֧ŵĻΪЩĲŷʹ
ĸܣмģͬ飬ָ̾ӵ˼ʹ޷
ĬԲŴ󵨵˵еףԸҲǸҵ
̵ɣԼ䵽㾳أϣ֮ͬܵӶԴ
ҲҪҲֲ⡭ҲֻΪ̫
Բżеعҡ˰ˣ˶Լͬಢ
顢ɸӵġΣвÿ˵ĵط
Ȼ֮ʹһѼĲţҲͼ
ůһűΪߵģڼеعһΣŮ


ҺȻ𣬵һ"ҽԺ"ʱ洰̨ϵ޿һֱ
ûýǸ̵ĲôûҲҪأʭ
ȫ޿㣬͵ԭɵĵطȴϲ޿
ˣʣ"˭޿㣿"شܲϣ"ǰûˣ
"һϵ"û"ҺЩԭʶû
ȥסǡϵĲԱĸҲע⣬
һٴε"û"˵и"û"δΪ֪
ҽΪ""һ޿㣬ûʭӵ޿
ϻЩȴû뵽ߵôæҲ޿ĵʹ
ˡٿʧȥҾһ㲻֪˭Ҫ
ǿϵĲŴԤԼɿܵĺڰҵ
ǰΪϣֻǳĬصȴҪĶˣ˵
ѳΪɻ䡣Ұû˵޿ӻص̨ϣкһ
ӣҡһǿҵѸ
ҲһֻϡҾҪңΣľҪ
ҵľе˶۰Ͱ͵źžۣҪż
еˡȻҼǿػȥҪ֤ѵһУһ
ԭңһᶨĸߡ

سǰмóдõļҪҴҸս
߽͹"ҽԺ"ԱȻҲǸ"ְ"
س"Ϻ"æ˵"Ϻͣ㲻ܸǷţ
㲻ܹܣ"Ƿ˼ţδǷ
ǣʸ񣬳赲һֻġ͹
ļһܻĿǰݲ£Ȼһ׻ı¡ͬ3
ӻ"ְ"һ"ְ"е͹
棬Ƿݾ񾢶ʮļƣ˵ӲǵĻʳ
ؾȡԼҪŸɾ룬ɢ
ԼʮꡣһΣȥ﷿һּ
ķ¼õԼգ˼䣬
ذѳɵ"ҽԺ"ɳЦһ"ɳ
զҲ˿࣬﷿˵ǸŶ˷أճ
æԼˡˣɳզɶɶˣ"̲
ŻʳӳԵñĴԱֺˣȻһؼ͡
ꤵĸɲָ̱ѣҵʱʮַСڣִ
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ƽ˾Ԩʱ߶ж˹̩ǶԣҪʹ
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༰

"ҽԺ"ɻʱͻȻġͷ衢亹Ҫ
֢״ѾۡӵĲ䣬廹֧
ˡҷǽǿߵ"ҽԺ"ңλ
ϣʣԭǼб߹ũɣĹũȱԴǱߵ
Ѽ򵥽̸ң˵˸оȡЩҩƬ
ˮҪҺ£ҪĴϢĴң
ΪȻǸɾġʱңΪһȣ
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ҳ岻ʼϢͷһƬհסʹ˼άͣ
˲ȥʲôˡԼΪ˰οңϣһ˵"ũ
һҪչˣģ㲻ɶ£"Ҳף"
"ˣũΪʲôչҡʵֱ
뿪ĹũһֱŶⷱصĹʼû
õκζչˡ
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ʮ¡Ͼʱ̣һ

ʱֹļȫ㷺չϴӻģ˵
Ѳڸʡط֣ũ͸ɲӳż׷
Ϻ԰աɽϺ͸ΪࡣΪصһɲ
ŷӳһһѻ˵г룬
Ըɱͷԡžա199312ڣ־ġ

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Сһȵȼ鹤һ죬
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ڱݷʱ򲡱ĥȥѰˣиĽɳش"
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ԭλܿƽָ˵ָ˹

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ѣǾԼԵܵܵΡȪб߹ͽũ
Ժ˽⵽Ǹ˺ܶ˵ũúܶ˶޷
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Ҳطʱĸ70
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"ְ"ĿϢ˺һԺصػصᡣС
ң޳ѻͣҶ˴ˣĸɲϰ
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⣬"ҽԺ"ӻǼ"ְ"͹ĴԱ
ʳԴˣµ˴Եżİ塣

ְɳ˵"ҽԺ"Ŵʱ˻ʳ
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ԼϺˡҲܻᳰЦѵЩ"ְ"
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ԴǸмġҾñֽЩ棬
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⣬ԼиСݣÿһС⣬Ҳͽ˼
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־ѷʳǡ޳һվĲƷҲ
һԭֻ󡢺֮ܲ࣬ʳó
ΪʱȫԵĴ󼢻ĵʮϾ"ʳǱ֮"
Ŀںźɽ죬֮ܲ඼˵߲ˡҰ"
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С˵"ǻʲôѽĸɲǶֲ֧סˡ"
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ر޵Ĵ֮⣬ȻȻ࣬Ҳϣ
䡣ڣֻ"̨"Ͼؿ޺ŲˡЩһ
ֻ̤޵ĺڰţѣ˻صǣ
ܳԵķʳǾ˳ǺڰĴţ߻
ͣĵطҲֻڻ--ڻĥϹĻ飬ÿ
ܳķʳҪסԼͱȾб
öࡣʱеİ㣬ȴҲôҿɲǿ԰ο
ԼģԼš״̬ĹΧȥģҪ
ȥΪϵ֧Ҳʮ--˵ԽԽ
ˣľʹˣʵҲһĪı
ʵĴڡ˿̵ҳһԼһҪţԱʲô
ˣҲûо񾢶ȥ뼰ʲô

ʯ찮ϹҲЩߺҺС
˯3ͷһ⡣¿һ
9ҾͶ˯ˣ糿˾ŵҲ˯ˣΪʱӶ
ڵҲ޷˯۾һƬ谵붬Ϊ˷
ڴº˾ɱֽ˼ӣþɱֽ
ϣľɱֽסĴ͸Ĺ߾ͺˡ
谵ķ·ݷĶߣ˵Ϊһ
㶼һƿţڴҲһӦ˷
谵һʱôҲݷ䣬ҲеСɣ˯
ﲻסˣСĽһͨҲܷǷ--
ǵķҹľţʯ찮Ϲ޷--Ȼ
ȱٴ˯ҺС˯ڸԵı֪˴˶ˣҲ
˵˵ʲôأϣʹû˵¡
ҵػŵˣֻΪ˱ŴŵˣʲôȤأ
Сп9Ժ󣬾ͽ𴲣Ϊ10Ҫ
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ˡٷԼȥǾٲά裬ҲҪԼȥ
˵˶ֻ֪ԼԼˣñȥ򣬴򷹵˾
ܲһкѴ˵ķԸ⾻ǳԵһҲѽ
Ϊӵ䲻ֵǮһϢȴ
ȫά֡ÿڹŹϵĿˣܸ
ϣκ΢΢Ŀϵİʹ
ǰǰƬҶͬݵ4飬һҲԼ
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򷹣ԷѳΪģġ

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ǰ쵽򷹵Ĵʱ׶Թңǰ˴˵
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ΣǷ񹫵һưһưϡһưһưǳɲ
ֽ׽ҪԼһưǳϡǳ
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ͦӲӵļ¶ںںϣС
˵ľͲҵĳѷҡһ뿴
ж٣ʧֻðο"࣬߰ɣ"

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ۣҲ1һɣǲҶãö˱˷֡
ʱÿÿĶֻаÿٷҲֻ2
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л⣬ÿ˵鲢ûкת٣Ϊũÿ˵ʵ
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һɳ֮ΪܵܡǶ˵ǵѶʱзţ
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ʮǿңСʱ͸ϲıֽ
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ѹѹúĩȻǺͳú죬ʯ찮Ҽ
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ʯ찮һ󵨾ٶǿ˵ϡ

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һУ˶ΪԼŬ˶Լͬ
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Ⱦ˷νˡ벡ħĲУ˼άܿй
ڸΧ֯""ϵμϺиǵѧ
˶"ս"ĴУȣ
194810£񵳷ɱ㽭ѧѧλϯ
Ǹ༮ѧȫ˽ǰϦģķȺ
ɵ"˶"ϺĴѧͬѵ壬ڵڶ
ڣ贺֮ݿչɨʿĻԱʲμ
һͬѧһ߳ϺѧΪʿд
裺"㵹ȥǶվˡٵǿ
йѧŽᣬͳߵʵĽţ"
ڸ߳ӭӽŵĸУ鰺

1948ѧ""ӡˡ
Ҫƪսչƣܾ򡢻ȵصѧ˶
¶ͳر練ͳε񣬷ӳ
ĿѣȵȡǸͬôѧ5λ༭ðżηս
дԱ֮һΪµż˲ٹ

1949527գϺš6£ΪһٵԱ
ڽͷΪһѧʷϵŮ¶ͽֵ
˴ͽϵǱ񡣽ֵ´Ϊ˸˴
ѧУίȫУʦԱϱѧУίΪ
ȽԱ



ǰ1957ķҶʹΪ
ɷӡĵˡʣѧʱͽ׷浳ð
ΣգΪ๤ôᷴأе
ίʹʹĪ

9»ݺĹũĿһټԱ
ۿҵÿ춼ڼԱԼǾò֮ˣܰһ
ءʫһףëϯ
ػʫУں𣬴ѩƮΣȴ
ܵëϯĹػůһֱΪ
ʲôҪдʫ䡣򵽣ǰΪɷӵ
ʹĥһȥѣߺ֪ԼѲ
⣬뵽ݵӺͺǻҪΪԼڹ
뿪ǰ̹ϵرԼûз壬
ӺͺǻһЩǣ޷׵ģǰ
ףֻһЩնĴëϯ͹ԱԼ
ëϯ͹겻壬޶ġʹʱ
ڵëϯ⿴ƻì֮һĻȴ˶
Ҷʹϸγںһԩ꣬ôȥ
Ҫ۵Υĵ˵Լܵ˹ػů

ʱɶվҲһվĹũһڼ
ĶУѻ˷ḻľ顣͵ũʳʹȫ
˶ûаũ˵£Ǽ͵͵ڼ
طʳȫ˶ſӳԷҲڻӰ
˼ţһΣ˳ӳԶˣ͵ܣ
Ҳסһվ""ҽΪ೦""Ĳ
ȫǶϢٵˡһ۳ԭʮũĴһжӵ
Ҳ--˵̣ʵڿǽĵ˺ݣǰ
һһ߸ߵǽΧסݣʹɢ䵽ϵĵ
Ƕ˺ԭͬĴһжͶʱǳϦദ
޼䡣ĹũڲһվũǵĹʹ
ʧȥȨټ˶ڼ˴˶ټ
档ֱ뿪Ĺũǰһֱû档""
սƼݵӣҲң
Ҳ޷Ǳ˴кһĬĬȻʲôҲ˵ˣ
˵ʲôأ
""һƬš˶û˵
Ĭ·ÿ˵Ĺͬз춯ż
ŴӵϷ̵ش£ٴ̵ҳЬ
ذѽЬվȥǵȥ
ܣǼڰԺ֮󣬱Ȼˣ
۵֮ǰ˼άһ㶼Լȥ֡ûһ
ˣԼȥ֣˭һأ

죬Ϊ͵˼һΣ
շ˸Ϳս£֪սҪȥϲ
ЬԺվѣҡżҲûվ
֪ûվˣֲɣͼæ߹ȥ
սܻԼ߳ȥִ˸򡣷岻
˵ɴսܱȥﲻʤпսԭͶ
ãũĸֻ·Ѳ̾񾹱ĥԼ
ֶսſڷıϣԼϲ
ѣ˵"Ϸ磬Ϸ磬Բ㣬Բѽ"
ᣬҲ˵"ӦõģӦõģ"Ǹ
漣սܾȻֵ󣬻Żصԭλص˼ֱ
"˰"ȫƽ

СҲû뵽վĶӳҵҪ
վһݹʱԭվͳƣǸϿͷԱ
ڷ̵ķˡڶվʱʱવ˵
10̵ķˣҲ֪ѱͷţڷ̣
ѱͷŻڷ̣Щ̸ܽɲûɶ𣬶Ҳû
ɶΪͷҲֻũҵ׼ؼҡվԭ
ûũͶȫҵѡվĹ̸ܽɲִͬһվ
һһվҵǵ֮󣬻ʳԱͳơȹ
½ҵѵΡվ෴ͳ֮Ĺһɾ
ҵԱΣҵǱñǰ͸ķֵһȣ๤
һɲȾָǸϿͳƣÿ飬ز
ͲغҵһͶɶԾҪ
һЩԼաר
વǰ˵10ͽ̵ˣ԰Ϊ̸ܽɲ
硣11ȫũʳΪ15λͳƿ϶޷ȥ
ˣһй10ͽ̵˴Ѹûжϵˣ
ȫ񼢶Ҳ޷ʳ֧ԮûԮֻ


ڣˣÿ칤ʱĹΪڶվ
൱˼ΣԵС졣ڶվʱվԼаʮ
ҵѣΣԱҲвֵߵģҪ
ʵֻ40ˡСܿͰѹʱãȡߡû
ûãֽõĹʱҪСһݡԭ
ϴõĹʱϣȥ칤ʵֻ
˸ˣСֵѵѣС쵹һ
ΪԼŶңΪѸӣ꣬صü
£ǼŮ飬ʱһŶû˵ؿ
ƿ
ҪԱʡί1955෴˶жΪӵֿ
˼ڴе׷һֿ˼ΪӺ󣬴
ҲͶʱȪб߹ũûΪͶũ
ʡίͰһͽũи졣پҲ
ҵŵһӪҵԱڴ˵
跨㵽6ʳʱͨ㣬һʮ·͵
˼Ͷũ̸ܽɲǵǵķ򸾹ϵҳһ
סһҹһҹǼδۣһֱ˵Żپմ
6ʳ˼һ˵һ߳ԣʱ˸⾻
һ磬˼һϡͺʹϹȥˡپվ
һҹԼʵڶˣôĳʳ̫٣Լȥ
ʲôأ첽ҵСʱڼ
С±ۣһСӪҵԱʶ͸Ӫҵ
Ա˵˵Ͻ2±׷ϹȥĶӣסˣ2
±˹ȥС±ԭǸũĸɲ׼ģپ
ʶӪҵԱųչ22±˼Ϲȥ
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ȥ·ϣͳ8ʳǶļͿ
8ʳƷڰڳԵ£ˣҲȫˣδ
ëȫ񼢶ƺҲǸ漣1979ֿ
˼Ҳƽʡίǡʮƽ
ΪҲùǺ˼ʱڼ
ӴʾǸ⡣

ڸ̨ˮǱߣ˵Ǩþࡣ̸ܽɲ
޶ԡΪ1958ﶬ֮ʣб߹ũͳֹˣ
쵼ЩţΪ50ڣ͸ĶͻȻҲ
ġҴί㱨ίǰĻش
ǣ"˾"дָʾ쵼˶
裬˭ҲԸΪϽ֮ͽ̷ǵ˵ʲôˡˮ
ӺȻԭֲ࣬ͽ̷ӣ
£˵ίǰǰָʾ̸ܽɲ˭ҲԸֳԼ"
"ȥա11£һټ󲿷
ʶԼǰ̤һ벽ǹŹأԼ
ԸⲻԸ⡣

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ȺסĵиĴ˰ѧ
ֱ߳мС˵ѧ߷ȡжȺȥʰ࣬
ˣʱ˼ʰ࣬ԸСתƣĿ
ĴѰϡٵҰˡ«ݸ֮࣬ڳˣ
ץһֻƣǴϲЩɲݵԣζ
ǳڹ¶УҲС˵ʱѹ
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ģҲģ˵Ұĸء
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ˣǻеһͿѪģûĸΡǣڶ
һȫӿվм䣬ͽ̷Χ
һȦϡϡڵ--ʹϵͽ̷ӼԱ
˵ֻж쵼˵һ٣
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ټ࣬ÿ컹зûеûԵĵزô
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ôءһΪƵᣬڳĬнˡɢᣬǿ
վĵطһ--ΪҪĸεΪҲŻ
ԼȰѧΣΪϿ
ȣͼĸεˣջ徣
ڻȪ·еǣҴҸ·ȥˡڴڼ䣬ҽ
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վӣȺ󶼳ͼĸμ˴
¼Ҳĳ¼"ʿ"ʳ
ʷУҴߵļ

־ˮվڼ䣬ʶ˴ӶػоĻұϿɡ
˱ҵڶ³ѸоԺԻ滭ȰʤڶԼ
ȰǴӼб߹ũǨˮǰ쵼ϲãҪ
װֻɴ̸ǼõƷһŲߡ
ϿΥ涨ӲǰѴб߹ũļִˮ
ӣӲխĵΪİĻҵ֮ءܸ
տգϾ֮ʱϿԷ󻭲ᣬ
ֱͣһСϿɸ־ɣΪԼ
߰ʱػо1957ǰ
Ѿ˵ϿɶԡײԲѷ˵ʲô"ҲμӸ
ʱ㻹֪ڸʲôأ"ɶʱϿɷԵԱ쵼
Է쵼֯ؾ͵˾Ȫб߹ũͶ
ĵȻĪκΡ˴ӵһ
ϣ־µ칫ȥɲڻ¯ϴʲô
Եģֻ˴Ӽ񻭲ϲ˺»ҳ¯ų䵱ȼϣ
־һ۾ϳ˺ǱϿİĻᣬ϶ϿѲ
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"˻˻"̶ǼɲĮ
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롣ϿķǳصѡϿڼͽо
ĥѣȻִȰĻ滭
ΰ˸ףѪ֮޷Խ
ļޣȻֻȥΪԼΪ
ʧȥ󣬾ͳΪ˹ܽԱʳʱȼϣ
ҷ𣬱˻ҽ

20־֮ȥػоιۣ˴ʱ
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ʡϵĲϷΪϿֻǶԡص
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Ȩı󣬾ݲһԲѷ̬Ȳĺ--
䡢Ͽɶ1957ķɶʹ˽
˳ַйͱĻᡣΪǵ쵼Ļ
յʱ˼άģʽԵ쵼Ƿ壬Լ
ͽԼΪжıϿɴڵأʹıϿ
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ھȪб߹ũıϿɶ3֮
ء20йַ˷츲صı55ຬԩ
ɷʡδ׼ϿΪɷӵĲȻ˯
ڵ±䶯һѲ֪һֽԱϿɵڵ
ʱѸΪĽܣĻȺ
1957ԩر棬Բų˱Ͽɵĳԩס

Ӱ£иĹ£Ҿ御
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ӹӱҲҵڼݹһ꣬Ǯ
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ˣҾͺһҪһ"ȰȰ
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ھˣνͶ죬Ƿǳȷ
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϶ɵ͵ŻһʼԾԵİȡóɹ

ǽС΢ÿжԱ֤˵ĿԴΪĿģ
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׵ȥӲκָֻܿԼԼΨ
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ʻ٣һ·˴ֵ˹ڳ
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תˡ

һ³δϳʱվҶûУֻ
һ۳Ʊƽǽǣڼаһҹ
죬гʱ̱Ͽ˾ŵһȥݵĳûǮ
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𳵿ڳ⣬ڲƱ
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˳

ǴվͣӡΣôˣ³
βȥںĳ˳˺ܶ࣬˼
˸ط˶гԱ˺δƱ
δ⵽ٴα³Ķˡ

гںĺХǰ

˶Ѱʱ̣ǻϽкʱ̡
Աһкеÿͣһѻ׻ڵϵ
һͳǮʳɣȡ衣ЩʳΥ
Ѿˣжջңǰһվ
Щϡ־һҹıѸпտգͣ
޷ģ޷ʳֻſˮζθ򼢶
ڵʹΧ͵Ǳ۲
ҧʱԲϴСϰͬ
ദÿ˶Ǹпտյʱ໥һԵ
ͬ顣ڻϣ˶ͻнͣе˻켦
ڴڵسԣе˻óƿžƿ򼸿ڡһУ
̫̼ˣ̼ʹֻðͷ֧ϥϣ
ʲôҲϾΪϣ֮οף
ˮӡ

𳵵ݵʱ˸ڻϾ
ˣݺͶһݡΪ˺ãũ񣬽
⣬ݼЪԼٷٽǡ
ݺӿһСվµʱгԱڹ㲥ﺰ"һվ̣"
ΪѾ̣ͼæ˳³һվµ£
ŻΪСվͣһӣҪϳѲܣݼ
·ֻͽˡﻹߵöԭ徭
ıһڷҲûԣվˣ̧һ
ˤڵأҲվˣֻǰʱ
ҹʮңҹ·ˣû˻ᷢһ
Ͼð麹òСһЪһ
վߣ˱Ͼжиһˤ
վСߣˤ
麹¶ʪ͸ˡбϾûǰ
þһŬķ

ƽʮӾߵ·ĸСʱߵ
̰Ŵݼſڡʱ賿һˡһţ
ڵĹ

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ţʱ꿿ڴϳϵʹڶ϶
Լҵţæ¿šҲ벻վĻ
ãݹᾣͬҪûɶĳʱꡣʱҵг
ʱݼ߶겻˾ͱģ
ʹڳԾѡȰѳʱȿʳʶ̡ʱ
˵δˮݵľ˵ԼѾһδʳ
ǰס˺ġũͬģԣ
ҲֲܴڣðԪƵԲţʢڴ
óʱһ˳ԡ˵ҲûԹôķ
̻ʣ޲Ҳ̳ȥڸֻľ飬֪
˵˲һγԵù׻׻̣ʳ

һҹʱȿ˯˸þ

ڶ죬ݾȥҸסݸ
ƱǮ˶о֮ݣ˳ǣֱ
ڻɽļҡ

ʱ˱ϲӡԭҳְԱĸף
ڼҡʱĸʣͬĸĵܵסһ
Ҿʮѡ׶ԹǳηΪд
ֻԼĶӣԣ磬һ˵"㲻úط
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סܵÿҪģƤͷȻʲ
ôҲ˵ԹԵ˵ĻԼ޵Ŀȳ
ԡ

ʱڸ׼Ұڶֱʡί֯ӳũ
˵ʵǣδӳѣ֪ܾ
ֻʡί쵼ȷũִеһ׾ܴߡӴ
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ܿˣʡίѾ˽⵽˵ݻѾ
ˣȡشʩʡίӳЩҪ
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˵ĹũǨȪ͸ũҵʮλѣ11¿
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׵õġ⣬ǿԳ伢Ƥݸ֮࣬ڵ
캮֮ǰѱѰԹˡȻͣάǼܾ
ʳ⡣ԭʡԺеϣߵ
ⶼԣھ֮Уѱ˺ƣ۾Ҳ飬
֮ĵڶ죬御άǼǵãʱ߰˸




ڶʮһ¡֮

12ѮɶӲˣʳӵ24
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Եͬʱйݻ龫´ʱʳͬ
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Լ1220պ󣬸ձͬ־
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һվͶŲǼ˼棬֪ԱѶȻ󵽳ҵң
˵ǴӰȥ󣬻Ҫȥ̸ǺԵЩ
أԸ̸ķʽҽ̸Ҽǵڰ칫һܸܸݵ
ߣ˵Ǳʾģʵȫǹ¡֪˵Ĺũʲ
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ʳԵķĲЩ飬ҳԵһɶȴ˵
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ũ쵼׼ȥ̨ϸ£ԼҲüҪ
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ǣҲǹʽؿ˿ǣǿˡ
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١Ÿ׵ţڵҵǣҪ׼
ȥ̨ҵˡ׵дúϸѼ˿ȥ
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Ԫǰʳߵ30ӴˣǵĻʳ
˴ƣÿ춼ܳţ⡣

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ԸΪͻ37199817աྭձһ淢
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ոճԹԵȻǿҡϵȰҳԣҾͲ
سԡԷм䣬˵׼ȥ̨100Ԫ
100Ԫ5Ʊ˵Ʊģ
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ȥ̨ˮҪ𳵣Ĺũȥվľ԰
վʮ·;ӵĿȥ԰

Ԫһ˼ĴѩһƬãã

ҽֵصȴгȥ԰ǵȵĶǻ
ˡ糿ʱøֹ""էһ죬ұᾪһ
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Ĳҡˣǣ㯡еĵȴȴеľ
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3꣬һۿҪ֡ңһٵؼȴ
ǣڶ߰ǺڰĴŷ·ڵң
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治Ը߶

׼ÿ춼Ӵķţ⣬Žһװ
۵Ĵƿ׼̨ҵ˳ԡҵţҵ
ջˡֻҪ⣬ٶˡΪ֪
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ҵһƬģΪҵڷ׵ģԶڸ̨֪
ģһᡣ˵ĸӦʲô赲סأ

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1961ԪѮһ磬֪ͨʱ
3ŮҴææϳ˳ǰ
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ݵ˳ϣһ˸СװЩϴþߣһ
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ţ϶ʱ̣˱ʲôҪСң"
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ʶˡȻǸ˾ҲͽᴶԱƤ°
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Σ֪Ҳ͵԰վ˳򵽳Ʊ˻𳵡

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ʱﷸͷϿΪ־ªϰԣܳ
ʮӵÿƽȵ̬Ƚҡһɲģ˻
Ұŵϣһͱÿͬ
λĹũĸɲǴûҡҺܸлǸɲģ
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ʮַḻЩذʳļһһ3
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̬ȣʹ޷ҴңһΪԮԼ˴ũ
Ůɣܺͱ˵ʲôأ˸ı䣬һڣ
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ԥνžߡ

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ԾˡûϵһŮ˶ҹʱ̴ӳվ߰˾
·ϡȻǲҲ֪ҵ⡣Щ
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ţ"ˣˣ"쾹޲

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˵ĵӿ־壬Ͼ졣Ǻ⵽


ϲҿԴȥһֱȥĵط֪˶ã
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ںڰһ󣬱һŲڣȷе˵һ
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ھֻ̨ͣܽӵڣѷ౻ѡҽ
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ذ˯˵ԼĻͬ칫Ǽ
Ҳûɶͬ龰ͬ˶һƺʮ
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ĹũĥѣǱʶ˵ıȱ˵һȵ
ʶʹҶʧȥ˵ıҲֻĵڡ

شţһ·ãã޼ʵѩԭֲϸǰ
ͷƮһ֧Ϥĸ裺 

ԭޱߣ
·;ңԶ
и
·ߡ

תͬ·ˣ
ң
ؼǳޡ
ҵ
Ұְ֣
裬
ο仰
תҰˣ


Ҵߣ
Ī˻
Ҹ֪ˣ
మ

ũʮΡϰٴγĸ裬˭˵ľԼĹ
¡ǵģһУһС"Եɣ
û"С´ɷ˷һԡѴ
ûһ㶫ˡ칫ҵĸɲûʼǷԹ
ûҲмΪ׼һð׷۰
͵ĺһСӵĹĸ人׷ۡʱܴ
ؼ׷ۣⱦԮ겻ϣɰ
ŵԱסĹũγɵĳԷѳΪ֮һҪϰ
Աܣʹԥӷóһӵ´ɶ̰ѵ
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Ǹ߲ʱҲֻСΪũ
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еϲá˳öͦ˧̸˼䣬֪ݴ
ѧѧǶ˵ʶӵСӶʱ17
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˵ǽãǳСӡԶݵĸĸ
֪һڸлϲԣΪҴ߶
лϲԡҺȻһˣѵػʲôҲ
˵ԵúںϰΪֻˣ
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ԼΪ棬3ŤԼŵ
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ԭȾһҲû뵽һҲ֪ҵ˵ı
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;Ͷ٣ѩԭϵļ·˵𣬵龰--
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ȻûһݡǶ޵÷ʱҵЩѣ
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뿪ְ꣬ϺͰְЩԶǶС
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״ʳô򷹻֪һУóصķһ
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صݼУҽԭλȥũ
˽ȫžۣҲǿοһ¡

ԣϣȫڱʹ־һϣһЩο


ԻعסȥˣҺ͸ĸáӼһ
ϡһ·Ͷ٣û˯ɾصԼ˵ӵ
˯˸úĻ¯ݵ±ȺҪߡ
һҹֱ÷ǳůͣ3δܹů͡

ڶ磬ȵϸŲǷ˸籨֪Ҳ
ص磬ҵеĶĹũҪ
ʱҵЩһݣȻһ÷ذרȥȡ


ڼظңԭġСĶһʳ
óԷ׳ԷմӵģġСĳԲԼĶ
֪ͬԹ˵"Ůп
ǣүүմӵģӵˣԺô
Ů"¾İѷġСĵʳϵתѧ
УһʳáһԲ˵"ǣһʳó
ϡүүԵö࣬ҺСĵĶˣдŸ㣬˵
ǳԵúܱ"ȷʵյţͷĶԸ
ıԹҶԸ׾ͺܲӹˣԷҪմ
ġ

軹˵"ǶڼԷҲЩ
ǴС԰ԭףƸ״˵ǻ˿
ԲŽֵϵʳãֻһ˻ʳô
ÿµĻʳҽ"ҴСΪǸˣ
ڰ˲ԭԲˡ˵
Ҹеİңһĸ׸ǳã
϶ĸ΢ȻĸϣǱ˴һֱΡ
ڣôһ˾ȻһԷ

ϣҴ԰ӰԺ˳Ӱȥ
ĸо׾ݣǿӰ϶٣Ҽѻصߣ
Ӧһ㣬ܵİӰɢԺ߳
ӰԺСߵٵĵط⿪վž򡣵ʱ԰ɳ
ʯ棬ʩ뱸һ6кվٴҲ
˴šҵҵСѳˣ3ǰҪһ
Ҫң"裬Ҫ"ڣЩˣֻԼ
ɴ¾ˡǰĺСĶң"裡"˴μ
ֻһ""֣ٺ""ͯɵΪʲ
ôĿˣ

ϣȥСͷ游ĸҴС游ĸ
ף߶ࡣǵҺ;ɣ׼ȥͶʱǻ
⵽游ҴСĸ˼˱ʾУǵһ
޷˿ݵز޷޷˿һΪһߵ
ĸڳ֮ǰ޷ڿˮһ£һ޷ʿ
ж̳ɣζرá游ĸȥͶǣ
ĸ˵"ͶúѽզôĿ"ҵʱӭ
Ͷη壬οĸ˵"ǶᣬͶͶ
廹ܶã££"Щġʱ˭ֻ
뵽ᾭĿء

ȥ游ĸӰֻҲܲȥȥ
ǿǵ游޷Ϊ׼һͣǳŹȥġ
Ψһľ˾40ũרҵźԭʡũҵ
䵽ػ޻ũȫҶȥ˶ػֻͣϳеĴŮ
ݡ

ҵ游ңƵʱ游ҵú͵ơ游
Ҳס󿻣ڿ˵˵λݵľȥ̨
һǰȥڣǿԲȥũũ
ܶ˵ֵ游̾һ˵"Щ
ɵ¡"нƵû˵ȥȻǻ
ģУû˵

ĸʱȫʧϣǽ̸Ļ˼һҲû
Ը֪ʲô¡

λ˶ʮˣǴȻͰףֻ
ԵЩ԰סҴҴҵ游˵⼸Ĵž
ǻ˼ҡ

ȻҪԭλ룬Ӧõ̸̸ѻصݼС
Ҿֹĸܱ༭ҶڷҶֹĸ
ܱ༭Դ1958ࡢķʡֻġ1957귴Ҷ
ǰϦȥιũҵչʱҶ⵽Է翴Һ
ƣ˵"һ˱ףιˣסЩӣ
סĸٶ漸졣"ҵʱֻŹö
漸첻̫ãлĺ⡣ɺδ棬
˴ǲҲС

ʱݳƬͣ硣ȥҶϣͣ硣ҵ
Ҷңϵҡҡҷҷĵƹ£ǿʼ̸
ȻҶѵ֪һǰѡʱΪ쵼
ܳ˵ǶģҲô˵ղ
˵˵"û뵽ȥũ죬ô
û뵽"ҶɫȻ˵"Ͷ̫
Ҳû뵽Ͷôᡭ"ûԼ
һھ˵""Ҷֻ˵Ͷ졣Һ룬
һǶְ˲пظ쵽ֶηǳʹޣԾڲ
ֲ֡пĸֶΣڱ磬жѣԱ
ʡ

ĳظοң˵"ˣˣҪǿ
Щǰ·ܳ"ҽסؿ޳˵"ǰ
·ܳһô߰"Ҷ˵"Ǹǿˣ
3Ͷһũͦˣڻص˵λϣ
һ㡣"

Ҷʣ"ﻹʲôˣ"˵"иũĵܵܡ
"Ҷ˵"Ǿ͸д֪ͨһ¡"

1950궬ҵһɷǰҶڰ칫Һ̸һС
ʱһŮɷûϸµĿ
ĵ̸̸ʱҺ;û飬ߺҶָ
д˷ţ˵ɣߺ¶į˼ʹܿ࣬
ҪĵȴΪһŹߣȥɷãһЩǲ
ٵġţ룬ֻʹǵĸŨףҸ
ʱŹȫĳдռϣһرø
ŷ·Ϊ۵İעţΪҶϸ΢
عĵǵĸж

Ҷ˴κ̸ʱҲ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵдǷ
šйףһ˾ȥѵ
Ȼ޴档

ҸʱҶִڻƵҡҷ£͵¥
¡

˼죬ŲͻȻáԭѻص˱硣ż
ҷĵ籨յûУ˵ûС

ԭйڴľ֪ͨ
ũܸദֵɷһԭλӻءĹũ쵼
֪ͨһɷũܾ裬
Թߺѳǵÿһ񾭡ǵѪÿһѪ
𸴳Ļ档ԣũ쵼Ѵ֪ͨѹ
ɷӾԱܡҷŲǵĵ籨Ȼɷǵ
󿨳һվʱŲǻڻ﷿æšʱվϵ쵼
֪ͨǣеĻȫȫ
Եԭλ֪ͨһըףҵû뵽ġ
վϵ쵼ѡ·Ĵ󿨳֮ʲһ֪ͨ
ǳֹƵɷǻԭλĴ󿨳֮ʣ
ҪҲˣʱÿ˶ֻϳˣ˭
ǧѷĵڣȥΪйߵԭλĻ᣿ԭλҲζ
ֱͬ3ĸĸӶŮ˵žۣ3
жİ

츣ҵŮһ뿪Ŵ󿨳һվġ
ڴ󿨳ϿŲǾʹ󺰣"ɣӶڳأ
ȥɣ"ǣ󿨳Ϊһ˵ٻسһ
վ볡һ·ŲҲûʱȥˣΪ˾Ϊ
˶ȴҵӵеĶĹũ
ҵطĹũЩȡء

ŲǵȻҲ֪˾جġ磬ѷĴر
ᣬ˶ٷ÷ıسһ٣ٰѷͻء

طĹũи˴У·иӦ
ʹʡԺĺ̽ףʡίҽ
ҵ̽ڼ䲢֪ũȫԭ
λҲȫũһһȥг


ٷĹũҵӶúúõģֻũ
ҵ׹Ǳĸ"ְ"˳ǣˡũ
Ѽ߹⣬ҵ3λŮ鶼볡һվ¬ȫûߣ
һͬͬˡһվ־վ¬ȫһ
Լţ͸ң͸Ųһȣһʱ


ڳһü硶ࡷаḾŮǸü
ĿС"ְ"ţʹҸеˡһδ
ϳƣԵе࣬ЩͽϴȺԱأҲ
Ҳ֪ǵ޷վ㣬
࣬"ҽԺ"""ͶվġС"
ְ"ܲףΪңܻšǵУȻ
ȥ½ģǨжѿʼˡ½ǸõطԸЩ
ߵ½ܹϺЩӡ

һҾͺ¬ȫһͬ𳵷˴԰
վϻ𳵣˾յһĻϻ𳵵ÿͺӵҸսһֻ
̤ţӻ⣬𳵾ͿˣٶȲ
ҴС֪˭ץסҵһֻ֣Žᡣ
λݵĻϣǵʳܳ㣬Ϊе°೤¬ȫ
ͬУ˺ܶҲǳڶ¹ѵҵͬ飬
óȰҳԣҲЩϾޣϳľͲ
˼ȣһóȰҳԣԺͲ
󷽡

λصݣŵ֪ҵ游ȥڼȥò
죬һھһصʱϡԶڶ
͵Ĺù--ҵľĸҸ׵ͬĸã޸ҵ׾
ˣֻ"ͷ"--ӵ游ʵĵ籨Ŷ
ŮصݼСʱĸֲء

ΪסţҵҪס޵ĵطֻŮ
ļҰһŴλáڳ·ϣһЩ
ˣǶܶԶ֮װûҡڴſڣҼжİ
--ĺСҲʶҡңЦ
סҵ֣ȵ˵"ͺãͺã"ҵۿ
תתȴδ¡֪˵⻰Ǵ
ھδܻԽر̸ܶ

ڱҼΪϤİڣǶҵԶĮʹ
ҵĸҲֻӦضӦ֮ľĮ¶

ȥĸֻ񣬴ŴӵΧ
ڿϣ游ȥС֮ҡ游ٳڣ
ĸٳ³ߡȥλ˼ҵٳһ𣬶
һСʱȥ游Һ٣ÿζҪͷġ
50ѹĴҪʱȡ
ܷ㡣ڣ游ѴĸŴӵ
ϣѹΪȫʧϣ޷οҲ֪
Щʲô˼ңһ﹩Ӧıɣԡ
һҿָпܲ˵Ҫԡùһ
Ƭݵץ͡ҿһҲ
ӲòȱʹҧŴܲһǶм


ֹ˼գĸˡλ˵ֻ죬Ⱥ
һڡȻ޷ܵļȺȥǵ

ȥĸұɥʱĸѴһľϡֻ
ᣬûдޡҼ̫࣬жľٶۡν
ݴѧϵıձѫͱҴö࣬ǰ
ţ"̰"޲ѣʹѡĸᣬûȥ̧
ˣݹȥĹأҶҪ׼Ʋˣдɥ
ڣҶŶӣȻ޷Ϊ׼˾;
ԱΪⲻңȥãĵظԳܣ
ұΪȻԱĶ֮һ游ĸ̼ƺ

Ϊһ֮ȥһмȵĴ£
֡ûãһмУͷĳֻ
ŮҵǶС꣬ʱ޷һͷҴ
ʹȥ԰Ӱ׵ʱû˵ʲô
һΪºײʱ׾ͽŭ
طй˵"һϷġСĿӰɶ˭
ģ"״ûңʧ
ȥİʹǺġطȥȡΪ˼
زԭеڷΪλд"֮
λ"˼Ʒ3ôδּﶼ
ǸɷӣЩ¡ײܲˣԼ
ʽ˰ֻڶ֪µġʱ˵
"֪ʱô͸ң"ʱûжԾκεļ
죬һķǳȥ㰴Լ˲ȣ
Լķʽ¡ũѿ̫
κһ"ɳ"ѣû˭˵ϰ
ȻΪ죬κεȴһУġ
˶ңͬ˵̬֮

ʵϣڴ˵˺ܴı䣬ľЩ
ʧ־ѲһΣҵ岮ֵܺǡҺ;
ڱ繤ʱΪѧѧʷϵѧڼ
ؼң翴ǡ1957귴ɶУΪѧҲΪ
ɣҲ֪ĴΣػصݼı·
˷ݹˡڣǰġĸУ
лһҪ˵˵Һ;ũ˵ȵ
ǰ׾Ȼֱ־ҪΪʾִ
״뱲ӶĶϰߣ顣ǣڴҶŶӵ
ҪȴҪΪֱ־ú
ЦáˣЩŶо
ȥ־ð

˵ʱĸ׳ﱳżõ
ġһƤѺܾˣԭһֱţů
õ˲֪Ǯ13Ԫ1߼ˮûؼֻ
ĸһ飬һŲһ˳ˡƢ÷ǳ꣬
ҲĸסǴ󳳴֣չĸ
Ѱ¡ĸ׺ǲʤ䷳ĸȥ󣬾͸ɴ
㵽ĸңסĸķԼļҡ

Ϊʷˣһйη硣
ȥͶ֮ǰԸʡίҪѺȽΪȫʡ޻
ģȥͶǰϣ˵"
һˣɴȫҶǨ仧"
ԾȻһƬȵдŸң
ָΪӢҾܾȥԾʧˣȫ
˳³Բӡһѵĳ֣ʼδ
ģķ籩񾭶޷ܣֲҰѷ
ŭԹ˿ıʾİŮԻ
ֱͶũܣʲô˵
ĳѣĥʹѣ־塣

ҴĹũûصǿţ⣬˲û
ȷĸ׵һʽĻͭʱĸ
ǶĸסֻзġСĺ͸סһ𡣸֪
һţ⣬ͼ͵ţȡ˳ԡҹ
СĶ˯ˡ׾뷽跨ҪӴ򿪡ʱ˥û
жһһεŬʹˤڿϡġСĶ
ţ˵Ϳһһˤڿϡ˰ҹ
ҲûӴ򿪡

ĵڶѸΪȡţ˰ҹһ˵Ǿ
Ϊӵģһڷŭ־жʲô
ô졣

ڱԺ·ҶҾҪָһ䷿ӣ
˵"3ûܹӣڻص磬Ҫͺסһ
ܽӡҪңסᣬǼңأ
"ҶӦʡڱ總´56ŵְһƽ
Ѻǽסһ𡣺תѧȪ·Сѧ
Сһ꼶

ǵСƽϳǳ䡣ǰȥ
ƤС¯úҹƵžžסںԺ
˵˵ʣ"ɶʱ죿"˵"вУ䣬
ϾͰ¯š"žһڴӦ˵"У10
㵽̿Ҹ㷢"ڶǸգҽ˸ӳȥ
ú̿ϣžѵ˵"ұϰ
Ҫ죬Ҳ"䲻࣬һȣ
1949꣬ҳǸ죬žúʱΪ
ŮңͶҵͬŮҲһžúԼ
ÿú͵ġҲͬһоݵġ
˵о;УǰվҰʳס޶ܳԿࡣڱ繲
µЩҺ;˼ͥӡһɶ
ȥũͽδܻǹ¶ĸ³
ͬѹԺΪҷú

ͬԺסԭũ񱨵ռڶʱ
ȫ˶סԭദͺãɶУ
ҵĽҷУֻ̬Ҳûбֳ
νߡȥ˵޹̨ʱҼҶԼ
޹̨޷μĸ׿
̣˵"ռ̨հһ
ޣڷſССһˣò˶Щ
שҲС"ЩשռΪ˸
̨¾˻

һңһƲȫļҡ

磬Աɲ

Ҷ֮ǰһѺáҺ;ʱͬסһƽ
ǰ޹˪ͬ䣬ҹΪھӣǲ
ȺĸףҺ͹˪һ๲ͬĻ⣬
˪಻š

ǴӰɲвŻúãһα
ᣬŮͬ־иСϳǵ쳪Ҽ
顣ٰʱȥ裬ҵ飬Ҳúá
ԸֱڸֻҪֱֱ˵ԣ50ڱ༭
á

ڷҺڣͱɷѵСĶͶȥ
һ죬˵Ҫ̸ϣУһ
Ц˵"ŷˣ"仰ʹҼᡣΪ
ҽʱֻ18꣬ʱѽ˻Ůͬ־""С
˵""Щ˾Ͷǵؽ""Ҳ
""˺ӣ""Ȼʧ
󶼽ҵı"ɣ"ֵֽ˳ڣҲ
Щҿʼ󣬴Ϊ˺һνޣ"ɣ"û˽
ۻϻ£"ͷ"ȥһſھ
Խ""ʹ뵽ھʱ޼£
ûкһʲôνޣ¶ȫǸοӿ
¡

ʱڼ߲1955ˮũׯһ
ɷʱ߲иӰҲȥɷãŽҷ
˵λӰϲ㣬ͬһλ⣬ָʱ
Ҳɷá̸Ŀľǽһʵһ£λӰ
Ƿд⡣һ䣬ʵ벻λӰ
⣬ٵʱҺ޾졣ҵĻشû˵ʲô
ߺһ룬ΪʲôҪרŵأĥת뵽
Ǹɵˣҵ˽ⲻν
һ˸ʺţûμӹҵᣬ˶
ʲô˵һֱδ棬Ҫе㸧οҲû
ᡣΪ˽λӰߵ⣬лͬҵˣ
Ļ˵һ""ҿ϶ᣬ֮
ˡסζݵļ̸

ӰֻشӰũص磬һǣ˵
"Сëסͺ֣ȥ˵ˡ"Сëԭ
ѩŸڸũ񱨱Ļ飬ദúãϺ
Ҳáļͥãȥ̨壬ĸǵӣ
ɷʷ⡣Ըã·ıĵģ
СèдʱΪдСëʱȫ˶
Сëԭ˽ˡǰѵݱ磬ʱûɶ
ڸũ񱨺ұʱԲеĸܱ༭в
شǺġҿʼ󣬡εݱ磬
ݱ쵼ߥޣԸΪѩŸǸɷӣ
ͽɡ3ǰҺ;ȥͶ죬ݱ
λѩŸСѵձ磬֮3
ϾѶһصݺ󣬾Ͳ֪סַ޷ϵСëԭ
͹˪ͬҹҲ졣һҾҪ
ȥͺСëи˵ˣ⻰˵ҵĿϡ
ڹ¶ǶôҪиͬˣԻԳ˺ǣһ
Ҿ뼰ˣҪҵСëȥѩ̿
̫ˡʱҺСëûժɷӵñӣ
׼ˡΪԱвɲ--ʱѵݵӰƬ
˲ӣһعңǵҲҺʹ
Ҫи˵ѣֻ"˼"˵
ҵСëУСëпˣ쵽͸
ˡӴˣҺСë֪һѾģ
Գڹȿѵ¶įο塣

죬ǺٻŮȥȪ԰棬
ʱ·Ҽңлһժɷӵñ֮ǰ
ǵҼҿңĪİο

Һסһ󣬳ǵǶŲǡũ
Աڱʳõ˴ԱڵʱʳӦԶȱ
ʳõĸʳԴ϶࣬ڱʳҲ򷹣ȥ򷹵ĳǺӡ
ͶŲһиԱùȥģŲǺ
ԺǴ򷹶չˣҪǲ˴ö࣬ʱһ˵Ǯ
˵ʣ࣬øࡣʱȥ﷿Ҳܵ
ԱǵŴ٣ҽ˻﷿ҳ
˰ϴеҳһһڲ˼ٳʱ
ʦһȰң"ԣԣٳԣٳԣ"Ҿٳϼ
ǶԽٺҷǳͬ飬ر뵽һҪӣ
أԮ֣һлʱͰһѡ

Ų°Ҽ졣ڷڼ䣬Ҿ˵ʳù
Ա־ܵŮáڰڼ䣬һ·
Ӱ˫ŵСԵһ԰˱ϡЩʱΪ
ĲϽҷġЩǷʵ˵"¡"
˵"ȥʱҳ˼ˣӵɣò˺װ
ˣҾǴҶϿȥĻվ"ǰеؽ
""""ʮһա

ǵﰲسǵ"һ"ŲǺڽ
ת̵ޣҪƱʱ޿򣬾ͺͼ
һ˼ߣ͢͵ټк͸
ļС

ݺ󣬶ŲѴຣԴѧУѧһ
죬Ҽҵϸд˷ţǷѣ
Ըȥڰũ3꣬ûɶϵ
ʹж˵Ĺϵֽˡ

ڴڼ䣬Щ½ҵĵַȺпҡ
Уʡ͸ľֵŷġķĻ御⡢Ԫ
̸ȣô֥ȣ츣ܷ򸾴ʱס
ݣҲȺ󼸴ҡ

͸ľֶл͸ĵλǵĸʳӦͽϳ
㡣һΣȥǵᣬĻѻصԼУҲ
ڳָһλӼб߹ũѽ˵"Ǹ߶
ܸܵ߶̩"20ѧ۷нѧ߸߶
̩ҪС䶯һʱʱ֪֣
֪Ͷѣڹ칫չ
ửͱݸչȻóԱӲŻ
˵ᣬ֪ƽԵòǣҳ
һٴεȰҳԣұһ٣ü䲻
ǻֵεʳĻñֽһȻҲ
մЩ⣬͸һЩΡֻǵ÷Ļ˵"մ˿൨֭
ǰҪˮһݡ"ĻȥŻƻũûȥĹũ
ܹĿҲûմ

ֻ֥һΡž26ԪǮңҾĿ̫
˼ãΪ֪Ҳǽ˼ʵˣͷԣ
˵"źӶ򣬲ҪҸá"̬ȼ
ذ26Ԫҡ

ô5Ԫ1ĸ߼۵ҺͺӣɸУΪ
ʱҶͷ׾ݣ1߼۵ǺҺôʶ
ʮũݳӣʱԱֶӵġǶصݺ
زپҵȪ԰¶賡ֵֶ˰ࡣȪ԰
ҵסܽʱҲȥ¶賡衣70
ٴ澳֮ʱ¬ȫָĸ׼ҵ
ذңΪҼҴ˸С˸Ĺ̨
80ĸסƽǨ֪ȥҲҲˣֻ
֪˾֪ĸҿ
˽ڸ̨ʱܿѵδҵڸ̨һ
ȫдԣ޷˽ø࣬Ϊź

Уԭǣֻ챣ҡҼң
һֽõĴŰֽ--Ϊʱֽ˵
"ſˣ򲻵ֽɴ࣬Щֽ͸Ұɣ
ò˶٣Լ취ȥ"ӲǰҲһֽ
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вηǿ˼壬ֱ롢෴
żؽн¶ͶΪ׳˱д˿ɸ
Ĺƪ¡ӾȪб߹ũëӦǣнܳĴ
־ʽʿëӦͬ־һλͨŮ֪ʶӣֱ롢
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ʶֱ롢֮Ŀ¸ҵվӸയ
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£ԱΪһЩϷ˲ٵĺʫ¡
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ũѧԺũҵļ·

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ũУ˽ʦڷǰϦѧԺ֯дſ´ʣ
ԼҪĵطȥĳ־Ը˵"
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ũУ԰רҵĽ̨ϣüĿëӦǵӰ
ëӦǺܿڵĹʦĺΪÿΣڼղ
ϢҹǸԸúöˣΪ˽̺ѧ
˶ϲǰСֽýӰȰĽҵļ
ʹڹһŻһ

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УͱȰһƬ飺ĸ׻ﳤĺӣȻȻͶ
ĸ׵Ļ1956꣬ũУ֯д3.5ֵһݳ
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һգκ󣬳ҹϢֽ߶Ե֮ʱ
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ɡ

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ɷñ"ھũվÿ춼ڱʱ"
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"ңΨȥҲǷ⽨˼ϵ𡭡
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"

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󣬰һֱ4ֺ
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а55֪ʶӣɵ˵ģʷ
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ͬ־ɵĸ

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ֱһλøɲȥǿһвʵ֮ʣӦ賹׷񶨡

ձίԱᣨӡ

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ϣ˱ͬϵ˵ǵĸͱ
λӭͬʱϣĶҲ
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